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1 ἐξίστημι
A causal in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., [tense] aor. 1:— displace: hence, change, alter utterly,τὰν φύσιν Ti.Locr.100c
, Arist.EN 1119a23, cf. Plot.6.2.7;τὴν πολιτείαν Plu.Cic.10
;ἐ. τῆς ποιότητος τὸν οἶνον Id.2.702a
.2 metaph., ἐξιστάναι τινὰ φρενῶν drive one out of his senses, E.Ba. 850;νοῦ οἶνος ἐξέστησέ με E.Fr. 265
;τοῦ φρονεῖν X.Mem.1.3.12
;ταῦτα κινεῖ, ταῦτα ἐξίστησιν ἀνθρώπους αὑτῶν D. 21.72
; simply ἐ. τινά drive one out of his senses, confound, amaze, Hp.Coac. 429;ἐξιστάντα καὶ φοβοῦντα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Muson.Fr.8p.35H.
; diverts the attention,Arist.
Rh. 1408b23; excite, ib. 36, Ev.Luc.24.22; τὸν λογισμόν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Plu.Sol.21, Crass.23; alsoἐ. τινὰ τῶν λογισμῶν Id.Fab.5
;εἰς ἀπάθειαν ἐ. τὴν ψυχήν Id.Publ. 6
.3 get rid of, dispose of the claims of a person, Sammelb.5246.14(i B.C.), etc.4 ἐξεστᾰκότα ( ἐξεστηκότα cod.): εἰς δίκην κεκληκότα, Hsch.B intr. in [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., with [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf., and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act.:1 of Place, arise out of, become separated,ἐξ.. ἵστατο Νεῖκος Emp.36
, cf. 35.10; stand aside from, ἐκστάντες τῆς ὁδοῦ out of the way, Hdt.3.76;ἐκ τοῦ μέσου X.An.1.5.14
; θάκων καὶ ὁδῶν ἐ. [τινί] stand out of the way forhim, make way for him, Id.Smp.4.31;ἐκστῆναί τινι S.Ph. 1053
, Aj. 672, Ar.Ra. 354, etc.: abs., in same sense, E.IT 1229 (troch.), Ar. Ach. 617, etc.: metaph., is displaced, disordered,E.
Ba. 928;οὐδὲ μένει νοῦς.. ἀλλ' ἐξίσταται S.Ant. 564
.2 c. acc., shrink from, shun,νιν οὐκ ἂν ἐξέστην ὄκνῳ Id.Aj.82
;οὐδέν' ἐξίσταμαι D.18.319
;οὐδένα πώποτε κίνδυνον ἐξέστησαν Id.20.10
.3 go out of joint,ἐ. ἰσχίον Hp.Aph.6.59
, cf. Fract.14,6.II c. gen. rei, retire from, give up possession of,τῆς ἀρχῆς Th.2.63
, 4.28; ἐκστῆναι τῆς οὐσίας, ἁπάντων τῶν ὄντων, become bankrupt, Antipho 2.2.9, D.36.50;τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU473.11
(ii A. D.).2 cease from, abandon, τῆς φιλίας, τῶν μαθημάτων, Lys.8.18, X.Cyr.3.3.54; τῶνσπουδασμάτων Pl.Phdr. 249c
, etc.;οἱ τῶν πολιτικῶν ἐξεστηκότες Isoc. 4.171
;τῆς ὑποθέσεως D.10.46
; τῶν πεπραγμένων, i.e. disown them, Id.19.72;ἐ. τινὸς εἴς τι Pl.Lg. 907d
; also ἐ. ἄθλου τινί, στρατηγίας τινί, abandon it in his favour, Nic.Dam.73J., Plu.Nic.7;τῆς Σικελίας τινι Id.Pomp.10
.3 ἐκστῆναι πατρός lose one's father, give him up, Ar.V. 477; καρδίας ἐξίσταμαι τὸ δρᾶν I depart from my heart's purpose, S.Ant. 1105; esp. φρενῶν ἐκστῆναι lose one's senses. E.Or. 1021, etc.;διὰ τὸ γῆρας τοῦ φρονεῖν Isoc.5.18
;ἐμαυτοῦ Aeschin.2.4
, Men.Sam. 276;ψυχὴ ἐξεστηκυῖα τῶν λογισμῶν Plb.32.15.8
: abs., to be out of one's wits, be distraught,ἐ. μελαγχολικῶς Hp.Prorrh.1.18
, cf. Men.Sam.64, etc.;ἐξέστην ἰδών Philippid.27
;ἐ. ὑπὸ γήρως Com.Adesp.860
; ταῖς διανοίαις Vett. Val.70.25; ; of anger,εὐθέως ἐξστησόμενος Phld. Ir.p.78
W.; to be astonished, amazed, Ev.Matt.12.23, Ev.Marc.2.12, etc.; lose consciousness, of Sisera, LXXJd.4.21.4 ἐξίστασθαι τῆς αὑτοῦ ἰδέας depart from, degenerate from one's own nature, Pl.R. 380d;ἐκ τῆς αὑτοῦ φύσεως Arist.HA 488b19
; [δημοκρατία] ἐξεστηκυῖα τῆς βελτίστης τάξεως Id.Pol. 1309b32
; αἱ δημοκρατίαι ἐ. εἰς τὰς ἐναντίας πολιτείας degenerate into.., ib. 1306b18, cf. Rh. 1390b28: abs.,ἐ. μὴ μεταφυτευόμενον Thphr.HP6.7.6
, etc., cf. Plu.2.649e; changing its properties, turning,Hp.
VM24; οἶνος ἐξεστηκώς or ἐξιστάμενος changed, sour wine, D.35.32, Thphr.CP6.7.5; πρόσωπα ἐξεστηκότα disfigured faces, X.Cyr.5.2.34.5 abs., change one's position, one's opinion, : opp. ἐμμένειν τῇ δόξῃ, Arist.EN 1151b4.6 of language, to be removed from common usage, Id.Rh. 1404b13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξίστημι
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2 γενναῖος
A true to one's birth or descent (εὐγενὲς μέν ἐστι τὸ ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ γένους, γενναῖον δὲ τὸ μὴ ἐξιστάμενον ἐκ τῆς αὑτοῦ φύσεως Arist.HA 488b19
, cf. Rh. 1390b22),οὔ μοι γενναῖον ἀλυσκάζοντι μάχεσθαι Il.5.253
(nowhere else in Hom.);γενναῖον δέ σοι ταχέως ὑπακούειν Ar.Fr.28
D.: hence,I of persons, high-born, noble, Archil.107, etc.;τέκνα Hdt.1.173
;ὦ γονῇ γενναῖε S.OT 1469
;ἐσθλοὺς ἔκ τε γενναίων γεγῶτας Id.Fr.107.3
; ; οἱ γ., opp. οἱ ἀγεννεῖς, Arist.Pol. 1296b22; so of animals, well-bred, , X.Cyr.1.4.15; opp. ἀγεννής, Arist.HA 558b16.2 noble in mind, high-minded, Hdt.3.140 ([comp] Sup.), S.El. 129 (lyr.), etc.; τὸ γ., = γενναιότης, Id.OC 569; of actions, noble, Hdt.1.37;λῆμα γ. Pi.P.8.44
;τλάσας τὸ γ. S. OC 1640
, cf. E.Alc. 624; γ. ἔπος, λόγοι, πόνοι, S.Ph. 1402, E.Heracl. 537, HF 357 (lyr.).3 as a form of polite speech, γενναῖος εἶ you are very good, Ar.Th. 220.II of things, good of their kind, excellent,μέλος A.Fr.281.5
; σταφυλή, σῦκα, Pl. Lg. 844e; γενναίου.. ἄξιον οὐθενός of no great use, Ath.Mech.31.2; ironical,γένει γ. σοφιστική Pl.Sph. 231b
(cf. 1.1), etc.; genuine, intense, , etc.; violent,σεισμός Philostr. VA6.38
;θάλπη Jul. Or. 2.101d
.b γενναῖον· τὸ τῆς γενέσεως ἀρχηγόν, Hsch.III Adv. - αίως nobly, Hdt.7.139, Th.2.41, Pl.La. 196b, Men.672;ὅρκος, πῆγμα γ. παγέν A.Ag. 1198
; ironical,μάλα γ. ἐπιλαθόμενον ὧν εὖ πάθοι Jul. Or.3.125c
: [comp] Comp. , Ps.-Callisth. 1.38: [comp] Sup. (lyr.).2 irreg. [comp] Sup.γενναιέστατος Dinol. 10
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γενναῖος
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3 καταπίνω
A , later- πιοῖμαι Plu.Alc.15
: [tense] aor.κατέπιον IG4.951.102
(Epid.); poet.κάππιον Hes.Th.p.45
R.: [tense] pf. :—gulp, swallow down, both of liquids and solids (), τοὺς μὲν κατέπινε Κρόνος (sc. υἱούς) Hes.Th. 459, cf. 467, E.Cyc. 219;ὁ τροχίλος.. καταπίνει τὰς βδέλλας Hdt.2.68
, cf. 70; ; λίθους Id.Av. l. c.; [ κίχλας] Pherecr.108.24; [ μάζας] Telecl.1.5; of the sea,μὴ ναῦν κατὰ κῦμα πίῃ Thgn.680
, cf. Arist.Pr. 931b39 ([voice] Pass.); τὸ στόμα [ τῆς γῆς]- πίεται αὐτούς LXXNu.16.30
:—[voice] Pass., τὸ -ποθὲν ὕδωρ (sc. by the earth) Pl.Criti. 111d; of rivers that disappear underground, Arist.Mete. 351a1;ὑφ' ἅμμου D.S.1.32
; of cities swallowed by an earthquake, Str.1.3.17;πόλις καταποθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς θαλάττης Plb.2.41.7
.2 abs., swallow,μόλις καταπίνειν δύνηται Hp.Aph. 4.35
, cf. Gal.Nat.Fac.3.6.II metaph., τὸν ἡμίοπον ὁ μέγας [ αὐλὸς] κ. A.Fr.91;καταπιοῦνται ὑμᾶς οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι Plu.Alc.15
:—[voice] Pass., to be absorbed, of knots in wood, Thphr.HP5.2.2;τῆς -πεπομένης ὑπ' αὐτοῦ φύσεως Dam.Pr.10
.b κ. Εὐριπίδην drink in Euripides, i.e. imbibe his spirit, Ar.Ach. 484, Luc.JTr.1:—[voice] Pass.,τὸ τεχνίον ἀεὶ τοῦτό μοι κατεπίνετο Antid.2.4
.c swallow, absorb,τὰς τέχνας Chrysipp.Stoic.2.257
([voice] Pass.); but, swallow one's anger, ib. 242.2 swallow up, consume, [the robe] ; ὁ δικαστὴς αὐτὰ [the revenue]καταπίνει μόνος Id.Ra. 1466
; τὸν ναύκληρον αὐτῷ σκάφει κ. Anaxil.22.19; τι Men. Epit. 151.3 spend, waste in tippling, [ τὴν οὐσίαν]οὐ μόνον κατέφαγεν, ἀλλὰ.. καὶ κατέπιεν Aeschin.1.96
, cf. D.C.45.28.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταπίνω
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4 ἐπιφημίζω
A utter words ominous of the event, ἰόντος αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν πεντηκόντερον ἐπεφημίζετο ([voice] Med.) Hdt.3.124 ;ἐ. τινὶ πολλὰ καὶ ἄτοπα D.C.39.39
.2 promise, pledge, κείνῳ παῖδ' ἐπεφήμισα..ἐκδώσειν cj. in E.IA 130 (anap.); ἡ ἐκ παιδὸς ἐπιφημισθεῖσα τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἑβδόμη ὑπατεία (of Marius) App.BC1.61.II apply the name of A (acc.) to B (dat.), where A is usu. a god, ascribe or assign B to A,ἑκάστῃ μοίρᾳ θεόν Pl.Lg. 771d
; ὅσα τις πράττει τοὺς θεοὺς ἐπιφημίζων in the name of the gods, D.20.126 ;ἅπασι τοῖς μεγάλοις ἐ. τὸ δαιμόνιον Plu. Publ.23
.2 later the constr. is reversed,τοῖς θεοῖς τι J.Ap.2.37
;τὴν ἐλαίας γένεσιν.. τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ Max.Tyr.30.5
:—[voice] Pass.,θεοῖς..παῖδες ἐπεφημίσθησαν D.C.44.37
;ὅσα θεῖα Ἐλευσῖνι ἐπιφημίζεται τῇ χώρᾳ Aristid.1.445J.
;μέρη τῆς γῆς Ποσειδῶνι ἐπιπεφήμισται Id.Or.46(3).16
.III call, name, c. dupl. acc.,τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐ. λυσιτελοῦν Pl.Cra. 417c
, cf. Ti. 73d ;ἀέρα ἐ. σκότος Ph.1.6
, cf. 2.43,al., Porph.Abst.1.7 ;Ἡλίου -ίζοντας Αἰήτην υἱέα Jul.Or.2.82d
.2 with epexegetic inf., τὴν ἔξω φορὰν ἐπεφήμισεν εἶναι τῆς ταὐτοῦ φύσεως the outer revolution he called the revolution of the Same, ordained that it should be.., Pl.Ti. 36c : hence,b c.acc. inf., allege, declare,αὐτὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ θεράποντα εἶναι Ael.NA8.12
;πολλὰ ἐ. αὑτῷ δηλοῦν [τὴν ἔλαφον] Plu.
sert.11.3 bestow a name on,ὄνοματά τισι Ph.1.304
, al., D.C.54.33 ; πομπῇ ἐπεφήμισαν οὔνομα νηῶν named [ the fish πομπίλος] after.., Opp.H.1.187.IV in later Prose, dedicate, devote to a god, Luc.Sacr.10 ;Διὶ ἀγάλματα Max.Tyr.8.8
;τοὺς γενομένους τότε παῖδας Ἄρεως ἐ. Str.5.4.12
:—[voice] Pass., Id.6.2.9, Ph.2.565, Plu.Cam.7, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιφημίζω
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5 φύσις
φύσις [pron. full] [ῠ], ἡ, gen. φύσεως, poet. φύσεος prob. (metri gr.) in E.Tr. 886, cf. Ar.V. 1282 (lyr.), 1458 (lyr.), [dialect] Ion. φύσιος: dual φύσει (I origin,φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ.. τελευτή Emp.8.1
(cf. Plu.2.1112a);φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα Pl.Lg. 892c
;ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν Arist.Ph. 193b12
;φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις Id.Metaph. 1014b16
; freq. of persons, birth,φύσει νεώτερος S.OC 1295
, cf. Aj. 1301, etc.;φύσι γεγονότες εὖ Hdt.7.134
; φύσει, opp. θέσει (by adoption), D.L.9.25;φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος Ath.4.183d
; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, Plb. 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2; also in acc.,ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν S.El. 325
; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν ib. 1125, cf. Isoc.3.42.2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, Hp.Nat.Puer.20,29, cf. 27: pl.,γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων Plot.4.3.13
.II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου Arist.Pol. 1252b33
): hence,1 nature, constitution, once in Hom., καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ φαρμάκου)ἔδειξε Od.10.303
;φ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.2.5
;τῆς Ἀττικῆς X.Vect.1.2
, cf. Oec.16.2, D.18.146, etc.;τῆς τριχός X.Eq.5.5
; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., Arist.PA 648a21, Mete. 340a36, etc.: pl.,φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων Isoc.7.74
;αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν Id.12.134
;ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. Pl.R. 525c
;ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. X.Mem.1.1.11
, etc.;ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. IG22.1099.28
(Epist.Plotinae).2 outward form, appearance,μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38
; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, Pi.N.6.5;οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν Id.I.4(3).49
(67);μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. A.Supp. 496
; (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων), cf. Tr. 379; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν prob. in E.Ba. 1358;τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. Ar.V. 1071
(troch.), cf. Nu. 503;τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. Isoc.9.75
.3 Medic., constitution, temperament, Hp.Aph.3.2 (pl.), al.;ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις Id.Acut.43
;φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει Id.Fract.7
;φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί Id.Epid.6.5.1
.b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, Id.Art.61, 62, al.;ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. Id.VC5
, al.;φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων Id.Nat.Puer.17
.4 of the mind, one's nature, character,ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ Emp.110.5
;εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν.. ἡ σή S.Ph. 874
; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, ib. 902, 1310;φ. φρενός E.Med. 103
(anap.);ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. Th.1.76
;φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.Cyr.1.2.2
;ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση E.Fr. 168
; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., Pl.R. 410e, 576a, etc.;δεξιοὶ φύσιν A.Pr. 489
;ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Id.Pers. 441
;τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις Ar.V. 1458
(lyr.), cf. 1282 (lyr.);Σόλων.. ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. Id.Nu. 1187
;ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι X.Ath.2.19
; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, Th.1.138; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, D.20.140;ἀγαθοὶ.. γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος Arist. Pol. 1332a40
; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, Ar.Nu. 1078, cf. Isoc.7.38;τῇ φ. χρώμενος Plu.Cor.18
;θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4
: pl., Isoc.4.113, v.l. in E.Andr. 956;οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. Pl.R. 526c
, cf. 375b, al.: prov.,ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. Jul.Mis. 353a
.b instinct in animals, etc., Democr.278; ap. Stob.1.41.6;ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει Corp.Herm. 9.1
, cf. 12.1.5 freq. in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, S.OT 335;χθονὸς φ. A.Ag. 633
; esp. in Pl.,ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. Phdr. 251b
;ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων Smp. 186b
; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, Phd. 87e;ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. Ti. 84c
;ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. Lg. 862d
, al.; ἡ φ., with gen. understood, Smp. 191a, Phd. 109e.III the regular order of nature,τύχη.. ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης Democr.176
;κατὰ φύσιν Pl.R. 444d
, etc.; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, Hdt.2.38, cf. Alex.156.7 (troch.); (cf. Pl.Grg. 488b);κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν Heraclit.112
; opp. παρὰ φύσιν, E.Ph. 395, Th.6.17, etc.;παρὰ τὴν φ. Anaxipp.1.18
; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, Aeschin.2.165; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, Plu.Comp.Dem.Cic.5: freq. in dat. φύσει (ἐν φ. Hp.
Aër.14) by nature, naturally, opp. τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, Pl.Lg. 889b, cf. R. 381b;φύσει τοιοῦτος Ar.Pl. 275
, cf. 279, al.;ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι Arist.Pol. 1253a3
; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν ib. 1254a15;φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ Philem.95.2
; opp. νόμῳ (by convention), Philol.9, Archelaus ap.D.L.2.16, Pl.Grg. 482e, cf. Prt. 337d, etc.;τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα Antipho Soph.44
Ai 32 (Vorsokr.5);ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται D.25.15
;τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους Men.Mon. 492
;οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί Pl. Ap. 22c
;φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν S.Ph.79
, cf. Pl.Phlb. 14c, etc.;φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι Antipho Soph.44
Bii 10 (Vorsokr.5); φύσιν ἔχει c. inf., it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (sc. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); Hdt.2.45, cf. Pl.R. 473a; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature, ib. 489b; ;τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει Polem.Call.36
.IV in Philosophy:1 nature as an originating power,φ. λέγεται.. ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων Arist.Metaph. 1014b16
;ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν Id.Cael. 271a33
; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ ib. 291b13;ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ Id.Metaph. 1070a8
, cf. Mete. 381b5, etc.;φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ Heraclit.123
;ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. Plot.4.4.44
; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, Cleanth.Stoic.1.126; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, Stoic.1.44, cf. 35, al., S.E.M.9.81; Nature, personified,χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. Epicur.Fr. 469
;Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη Phld. Piet.12
;ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. Corp.Herm.1.14
.2 elementary substance,κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα Pl.Lg. 891c
, cf. Arist.Fr.52 (defined asτὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν.. ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3
);τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν Arist.Metaph. 1014b33
: pl., Epicur.Ep. 1p.6U., al.;ἄτομοι φ.
atoms,Democr.
ap. Diog.Oen.5, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U.;ἄφθαρτοι φ. Phld.Piet.83
.3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature',ἀθανάτου.. φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων E.Fr. 910
(anap.);περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν Pl.Prt. 315c
; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.;[σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν Pl.Phd. 96a
;περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη Epicr.11.13
(anap.); so later,ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν Plot.2.2.1
;τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. Corp.Herm.1.8
; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., PMag.Leid.W.6.42.4 Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.12.V as a concrete term, creature, freq. in collect. sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, S.Fr. 590 (anap.), cf. OT 869 (lyr.); πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, Id.Ant. 345 (lyr.);ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε Pl.R. 359c
, cf. Plt. 272c; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman- kind (opp. τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) X.Lac.3.4: also in pl., S.OT 674, Pl.R. 588c, Plt. 306e, X.Oec.13.9; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, Isoc.4.113, cf. 20.11, Aeschin.1.191.b of plants or material substances,φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι D.S.2.49
;ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν Corp.Herm. 1.4
.VI kind, sort, species,ταύτην.. ἔχειν βιοτῆς.. φύσιν S.Ph. 165
(anap.);ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν Pl.R. 429d
; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, X.Cyn.3.1; natural group or class of plants, Thphr.HP6.1.1 (pl.).VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (prob. for οὖσα)κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν S.Tr. 1062
, cf. OC 445, Th.2.45, Pl.Lg. 770d, 944d: hence, -
6 νόμος
νόμος, ου, ὁ (νέμω; [Zenodotus reads ν. in Od. 1, 3] Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.—On the history of the word MPohlenz, Nomos: Philol 97, ’48, 135–42; GShipp, Nomos ‘Law’ ’78; MOstwald, Nomos and the Beginnings of Athenian Democracy ’69). The primary mng. relates to that which is conceived as standard or generally recognized rules of civilized conduct esp. as sanctioned by tradition (Pind., Fgm. 152, 1=169 Schr. νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς; cp. SEG XVII, 755, 16: Domitian is concerned about oppressive practices hardening into ‘custom’; MGigante, ΝΟΜΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ [Richerche filologiche 1] ’56). The synonym ἔθος (cp. συνήθεια) denotes that which is habitual or customary, especially in reference to personal behavior. In addition to rules that take hold through tradition, the state or other legislating body may enact ordinances that are recognized by all concerned and in turn become legal tradition. A special semantic problem for modern readers encountering the term ν. is the general tendency to confine the usage of the term ‘law’ to codified statutes. Such limitation has led to much fruitless debate in the history of NT interpretation.—HRemus, Sciences Religieuses/Studies in Religion 13, ’84, 5–18; ASegal, Torah and Nomos in Recent Scholarly Discussion, ibid., 19–27.① a procedure or practice that has taken hold, a custom, rule, principle, norm (Alcman [VII B.C.], Fgm. 93 D2 of the tune that the bird sings; Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 49 Harder [1926] τῆς φύσεως νόμος; Appian, Basil. 1 §2 πολέμου ν., Bell. Civ. 5, 44 §186 ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ σοῦ νόμου=under this rule of yours that governs action; Polyaenus 5, 5, 3 ν. πόμπης; 7, 11, 6 ν. φιλίας; Sextus 123 τοῦ βίου νόμος; Just., A II, 2, 4 παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως ν.; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως; 13, 1 θυσιῶν νόμῳ)ⓐ gener. κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης in accordance w. the rule of an external commandment Hb 7:16. εὑρίσκω τὸν νόμον I observe an established procedure or principle or system Ro 7:21 (ν. as ‘principle’, i.e. an unwritten rightness of things Soph., Ant. 908). According to Bauer, Paul uses the expression νόμος (which dominates this context) in cases in which he prob. would have preferred another word. But it is also prob. that Paul purposely engages in wordplay to heighten the predicament of those who do not rely on the gospel of liberation from legal constraint: the Apostle speaks of a principle that obligates one to observe a code of conduct that any sensible pers. would recognize as sound and valid ὁ νόμος τ. νοός μου vs. 23b (s. νοῦς 1a). Engaged in a bitter struggle w. this νόμος there is a ἕτερος νόμος which, in contrast to the νοῦς, dwells ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου in my (physical) members vs. 23a, and hence is a νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας vs. 23c and 25b or a νόμος τ. ἁμαρτίας καὶ τ. θανάτου 8:2b. This sense prepares the way for the specific perspectiveⓑ of life under the lordship of Jesus Christ as a ‘new law’ or ‘system’ of conduct that constitutes an unwritten tradition ὁ καινὸς ν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 2:6; in brief ν. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 2 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4; 43, 1; Mel., P. 7, 46). Beginnings of this terminology as early as Paul: ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ =the standard set by Christ Gal 6:2 (as vs. 3 intimates, Christ permitted himself to be reduced to nothing, thereby setting the standard for not thinking oneself to be someth.). The gospel is a νόμος πίστεως a law or system requiring faith Ro 3:27b (FGerhard, TZ 10, ’54, 401–17) or ὁ ν. τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰ. the law of the spirit (=the spirit-code) of life in Chr. J. 8:2a. In the same sense Js speaks of a ν. βασιλικός (s. βασιλικός) 2:8 or ν. ἐλευθερίας vs. 12 (λόγος ἐλ. P74), ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας 1:25 (association w. 1QS 10:6, 8, 11 made by EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32, is rejected by SNötscher, Biblica 34, ’53, 193f. On the theme of spontaneous moral achievement cp. Pind., Fgm. 152 [169 Schr.] 1f νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς | θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων | ἄγει δικαιῶν τὸ βιαιότατον| ὑπερτάτᾳ χειρί=custom is lord of all, of mortals and immortals both, and with strong hand directs the utmost power of the just. Plut., Mor. 780c interprets Pindar’s use of νόμος: ‘not written externally in books or on some wooden tablets, but as lively reason functioning within him’ ἔμψυχος ὢν ἐν αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Aristot., EN 4, 8, 10 οἷον ν. ὢν ἑαυτῷ; Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος; cp. also Ovid, Met. 1, 90 sponte sua sine lege fidem rectumque colebat; Mayor, comm. ‘Notes’ 73.—RHirzel, ΑΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΣ 1903.). Some would put ὁ νόμος Js 2:9 here (s. LAllevi, Scuola Cattol. 67, ’39, 529–42), but s. 2b below.—Hermas too, who in part interprets Israel’s legal tradition as referring to Christians, sees the gospel, exhibited in Christ’s life and words, as the ultimate expression of God’s will or ‘law’. He says of Christ δοὺς αὐτοῖς (i.e. the believers) τὸν ν., ὅν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Hs 5, 6, 3, cp. Hs 8, 3, 3. Or he sees in the υἱὸς θεοῦ κηρυχθεὶς εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς, i.e. the preaching about the Son of God to the ends of the earth, the νόμος θεοῦ ὁ δοθεὶς εἰς ὅλον. τ. κόσμον 8, 3, 2. Similarly to be understood are τηρεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 3, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. παθεῖν 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. θλίβεσθαι 8, 3, 7. ἀρνησάμενοι τὸν νόμον ibid. βλασφημεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 6, 2.② constitutional or statutory legal system, lawⓐ gener.: by what kind of law? Ro 3:27. ν. τῆς πόλεως the law of the city enforced by the ruler of the city (ν. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι γραπτός Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 2); the penalty for breaking it is banishment Hs 1:5f. τοῖς ν. χρῆσθαι observe the laws 1:3; πείθεσθαι τοῖς ὡρισμένοις ν. obey the established laws Dg 5:10; νικᾶν τοὺς ν. ibid. (νικάω 3). Ro 7:1f, as well as the gnomic saying Ro 4:15b and 5:13b, have been thought by some (e.g. BWeiss, Jülicher) to refer to Roman law, but more likely the Mosaic law is meant (s. 3 below).ⓑ specifically: of the law that Moses received from God and is the standard according to which membership in the people of Israel is determined (Diod S 1, 94, 1; 2: the lawgiver Mneves receives the law from Hermes, Minos from Zeus, Lycurgus from Apollo, Zarathustra from the ἀγαθὸς δαίμων, Zalmoxis from Hestia; παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, Μωϋσῆς receives the law from the Ἰαὼ ἐπικαλούμενος θεός) ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Lk 2:22; J 7:23; Ac 15:5. ν. Μωϋσέως Ac 13:38; Hb 10:28. Also ὁ ν. κυρίου Lk 2:23f, 39; GJs 14:1. ὁ ν. τοῦ θεοῦ (Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 4]) Mt 15:6 v.l.; Ro 8:7 (cp. Tat. 7, 2; 32, 1; Ath. 3:2). ὁ ν. ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν etc. J 18:31; 19:7b v.l.; Ac 25:8. κατὰ τὸν ἡμέτερον ν. 24:6 v.l. (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 131). ὁ πατρῷος ν. 22:3. τὸν ν. τῶν ἐντολῶν Eph 2:15. Since the context of Ac 23:29 ἐγκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν points to the intimate connection between belief, cult, and communal solidarity in Judean tradition, the term νόμος is best rendered with an hendiadys: (charged in matters) relating to their belief and custom; cp. ν. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς 18:15. Ro 9:31 (CRhyne, Νόμος Δικαιοσύνης and the meaning of Ro 10:4: CBQ 47, ’85, 486–99).—Abs., without further qualification ὁ ν. Mt 22:36; 23:23; Lk 2:27; J 1:17; Ac 6:13; 7:53; 21:20, 28; Ro 2:15 (τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου the work of the law [=the moral product that the Mosaic code requires] is written in the heart; difft. Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος, s. 1b, above), 18, 20, 23b, 26; 4:15a, 16; 7:1b, 4–7, 12, 14, 16; 8:3f; 1 Cor 15:56; Gal 3:12f, 17, 19, 21a, 24; 5:3, 14; 1 Ti 1:8 (GRudberg, ConNeot 7, ’42, 15); Hb 7:19 (s. Windisch, Hdb. exc. ad loc.), 28a; 10:1; cp. Js 2:9 (s. 1b above); μετὰ τὸν ν. Hb 7:28b; οἱ ἐν τῷ ν. Ro 3:19; κατὰ τὸν ν. according to the (Mosaic) law (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51 al.; Just., D. 10, 1) J 19:7b; Ac 22:12; 23:3; Hb 7:5; 9:22. παρὰ τ. νόμον contrary to the law (Jos., Ant. 17, 151, C. Ap. 2, 219; Ath. 1, 3 παρὰ πάντα ν.) Ac 18:13.—νόμος without the art. in the same sense (on the attempt, beginning w. Origen, In Ep. ad Ro 3:7 ed. Lomm. VI 201, to establish a difference in mng. betw. Paul’s use of ὁ νόμος and νόμος s. B-D-F §258, 2; Rob. 796; Mlt-Turner 177; Grafe [s. 3b below] 7–11) Ro 2:13ab, 17, 23a, * 25a; 3:31ab; 5:13, 20; 7:1a (s. above); Gal 2:19b; 5:23 (JRobb, ET 56, ’45, 279f compares κατὰ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἔστι νόμος Aristot., Pol. 1284a). δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ … 1 Ti 1:9. Cp. ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος Ro 2:14 (in Pla., Pol. and in Stoic thought the wise person needed no commandment [Stoic. III 519], the bad one did; MPohlenz, Stoa ’48/49 I 133; II 75). Used w. prepositions: ἐκ ν. Ro 4:14; Gal 3:18, 21c (v.l. ἐν ν.); Phil 3:9 (ἐκ νόμου can also mean corresponding to or in conformity with the law: PRev 15, 11 ἐκ τῶν νόμων); cp. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου Ro 10:5. διὰ νόμου Ro 2:12b; 3:20b; 4:13; 7:7b; Gal 2:19a, 21; ἐν ν. (ἐν τῷ ν. Iren. 3, 11, 8 [Harv. II 49, 9]) Ro 2:12a, 23; Gal 3:11, 21c v.l.; 5:4; Phil 3:6. κατὰ νόμον 3:5; Hb 8:4; 10:8 (make an offering κατὰ νόμον as Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4; 5, 8, 2); χωρὶς ν. Ro 3:21a; 7:8f; ἄχρι ν. 5:13a. ὑπὸ νόμον 6:14f; 1 Cor 9:20; Gal 3:23; 4:4f, 21a; 5:18 (cp. Just., D. 45, 3 οἱ ὑπὸ τὸν ν.).—Dependent on an anarthrous noun παραβάτης νόμου a law-breaker Ro 2:25b ( 27b w. art.); Js 2:11. ποιητὴς ν. one who keeps the law 4:11d (w. art. Ro 2:13b). τέλος ν. the end of the law Ro 10:4 (RBultmann and HSchlier, Christus des Ges. Ende ’40). πλήρωμα ν. fulfilment of the law 13:10. ν. μετάθεσις a change in the law Hb 7:12. ἔργα ν. Ro 3:20a, 28; 9:32 v.l.; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10a.—(ὁ) ν. (τοῦ) θεοῦ Ro 7:22, 25a; 8:7 because it was given by God and accords w. his will. Lasting Mt 5:18; Lk 16:17 (cp. Bar 4:1; PsSol 10:4; Philo, Mos. 2, 14; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277).—Used w. verbs, w. or without the art.: ν. ἔχειν J 19:7a; Ro 2:14 (ApcSed 14:5). πληροῦν ν. fulfill the law Ro 13:8; pass. Gal 5:14 (Mel., P. 42, 291). πληροῦν τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ ν. fulfill the requirement of the law Ro 8:4. φυλάσσειν τὸν ν. observe the law Ac 21:24; Gal 6:13. τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ ν. φυλάσσειν observe the precepts of the law Ro 2:26; διώκειν ν. δικαιοσύνης 9:31a; πράσσειν ν. 2:25a. ποιεῖν τὸν ν. J 7:19b; Gal 5:3; Ro 2:14b, s. below; τὸν ν. τηρεῖν Js 2:10. τὸν ν. τελεῖν Ro 2:27. φθάνειν εἰς ν. 9:31b. κατὰ ν. Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ζῆν IMg 8:1 v.l. is prob. a textual error (Pearson, Lghtf., Funk, Bihlmeyer, Hilgenfeld; Zahn, Ign. v. Ant. 1873 p. 354, 1 [difft. in Zahn’s edition] all omit νόμον as a gloss and are supported by the Latin versions; s. Hdb. ad loc.). τὰ τοῦ ν. ποιεῖν carry out the requirements of the law Ro 2:14b (ApcSed 14:5; FFlückiger, TZ 8, ’52, 17–42). καταλαλεῖν νόμου, κρίνειν ν. Js 4:11abc. ἐδόθη ν. Gal 3:21a.—Pl. διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν Hb 8:10; cp. 10:16 (both Jer 38:33).—Of an individual stipulation of the law ὁ νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός the law insofar as it concerns the husband (Aristot., Fgm. 184 R. νόμοι ἀνδρὸς καὶ γαμετῆς.—SIG 1198, 14 κατὰ τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐρανιστῶν; Num 9:12 ὁ ν. τοῦ πάσχα; Philo, Sobr. 49 ὁ ν. τῆς λέπρας) Ro 7:2b; cp. 7:3 and δέδεται νόμῳ vs. 2a (on the imagery Straub 94f); 1 Cor 7:39 v.l.—The law is personified, as it were (Demosth. 43, 59; Aeschin. 1, 18; Herm. Wr. 12, 4 [the law of punishment]; IMagnMai 92a, 11 ὁ ν. συντάσσει; b, 16 ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει; Jos., Ant. 3, 274) J 7:51; Ro 3:19.③ a collection of holy writings precious to God’s people, sacred ordinanceⓐ in the strict sense the law=the Pentateuch, the work of Moses the lawgiver (Diod S 40, 3, 6 προσγέγραπται τοῖς νόμοις ἐπὶ τελευτῆς ὅτι Μωσῆς ἀκούσας τοῦ θεοῦ τάδε λέγει τ. Ἰουδαίοις=at the end of the laws this is appended: this is what Moses heard from God and is telling to the Jews. ὁ διὰ τοῦ ν. μεταξὺ καθαρῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων διαστείλας θεός Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 60, 3]; cp. Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1) τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου Gal 3:10b (cp. Dt 27:26). Also simply ὁ νόμος (Jos., Bell. 7, 162 ὁ ν. or 2, 229 ὁ ἱερὸς ν. of the holy book in a concrete sense) Mt 12:5 (Num 28:9f is meant); J 8:5; 1 Cor 9:8 (cp. Dt 25:4); 14:34 (cp. Gen 3:16); Gal 4:21b (the story of Abraham); Hb 9:19. ὁ ν. ὁ ὑμέτερος J 8:17 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 402; Tat. 40, 1 κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους ν.). ἐν Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται 1 Cor 9:9. καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου Lk 2:23 (γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ as Athen. 6, 27, 23c; IMagnMai 52, 35 [III B.C.]; Mel., P. 11, 71; cp. Just., D. 8, 4 τὰ ἐν τῷ ν. γεγραμμένα); cp. vs. 24. ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ J 1:45 (cp. Cercidas [III B.C.], Fgm. 1, 18f Diehl2 [=Coll. Alex. p. 204, 29=Knox p. 196] καὶ τοῦθʼ Ὅμηρος εἶπεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι).—The Sacred Scriptures (OT) referred to as a whole in the phrase ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 6, 4; cp. Hippol., Ref. 8, 19, 1) the law (הַתּוֹרָה) and the prophets (הַנְּבִיאִים) Mt 5:17; 7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Lk 16:16; Ac 13:15; 24:14; 28:23; Ro 3:21b; cp. Dg 11:6; J 1:45. τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ ν. Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44.ⓑ In a wider sense=Holy Scripture gener., on the principle that the most authoritative part gives its name to the whole (ὁ ν. ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 15]): J 10:34 (Ps 81:6); 12:34 (Ps 109:4; Is 9:6; Da 7:14); 15:25 (Ps 34:19; 68:5); 1 Cor 14:21 (Is 28:11f); Ro 3:19 (preceded by a cluster of quotations fr. Psalms and prophets).—Mt 5:18; Lk 10:26; 16:17; J 7:49.—JHänel, Der Schriftbegriff Jesu 1919; OMichel, Pls u. s. Bibel 1929; SWesterholm, Studies in Religion 15, ’86, 327–36.—JMeinhold, Jesus u. das AT 1896; MKähler, Jesus u. das AT2 1896; AKlöpper, Z. Stellung Jesu gegenüber d. Mos. Gesetz, Mt 5:17–48: ZWT 39, 1896, 1–23; EKlostermann, Jesu Stellung z. AT 1904; AvHarnack, Hat Jesus das atl. Gesetz abgeschafft?: Aus Wissenschaft u. Leben II 1911, 225–36, SBBerlAk 1912, 184–207; KBenz, D. Stellung Jesu zum atl. Gesetz 1914; MGoguel, RHPR 7, 1927, 160ff; BBacon, Jesus and the Law: JBL 47, 1928, 203–31; BBranscomb, Jes. and the Law of Moses 1930; WKümmel, Jes. u. d. jüd. Traditionsged.: ZNW 33, ’34, 105–30; JHempel, D. synopt. Jesus u. d. AT: ZAW 56, ’38, 1–34.—Lk-Ac: JJervell, HTR 64, ’71, 21–36.—EGrafe, D. paulin. Lehre vom Gesetz2 1893; HCremer, D. paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre 1896, 84ff; 363ff; FSieffert, D. Entwicklungslinie d. paul. Gesetzeslehre: BWeiss Festschr. 1897, 332–57; WSlaten, The Qualitative Use of νόμος in the Pauline Ep.: AJT 23, 1919, 213ff; HMosbech, Pls’ Laere om Loven: TT 4/3, 1922, 108–37; 177–221; EBurton, ICC, Gal 1921, 443–60; PFeine, Theol. des NT6 ’34, 208–15 (lit.); PBenoit, La Loi et la Croix d’après S. Paul (Ro 7:7–8:4): RB 47, ’38, 481–509; CMaurer, D. Gesetzeslehre des Pls ’41; PBläser, D. Gesetz b. Pls ’41; BReicke, JBL 70, ’51, 259–76; GBornkamm, Das Ende d. Gesetzes ’63; HRaisänen, Paul and the Law2 ’87; PRichardson/SWesterholm, et al., Law in Religious Communities in the Rom. Period, ’91 (Torah and Nomos); MNobile, La Torà al tempo di Paolo, alcune ri-flessioni: Atti del IV simposio di Tarso su S. Paolo Apostolo, ed. LPadovese ’96, 93–106 (lit. 93f, n. 1).—Dodd 25–41.—B. 1358; 1419; 1421. DELG s.v. νέμω Ic. Schmidt, Syn. I 333–47. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 ὑπάρχω
A- ξω Hdt.6.109
, S.Ant. 932 (anap.): [tense] aor. ὑπῆρξα (v. infr. 1):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ὑπαρχθήσομαι PTeb.418.7
(iii A. D.): [tense] pf. ὕπηργμαι, [dialect] Ion.- αργμαι Hdt.7.11
:—begin, take the initiative:—Constr.:1 abs., Od.24.286, E.Ph. 1223;ὑπάρχων ἠδίκεις αὐτούς Isoc.16.44
; ὁ ὑπάρξας the beginner (in a quarrel), D.59.15, cf. 1;ἀμύνεσθαι τοὺς ὑπάρξαντας Lys.24.18
;ἀμυνομένους, μὴ ὑπάρχοντας Pl.Grg. 456e
;ὡς οὐχ ὑπάρχων ἀλλὰ τιμωρούμενος Men.358
:—[voice] Med., Pl.Ti. 41c, Ael. NA12.41, etc.2 c. gen., take the initiative in, begin, ἀδίκων ἔργων, ἀδικίης, Hdt.1.5, 4.1, cf. Th.2.74, etc.;ὑ. τῆς ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι And.1.142
, cf. Pl.Mx. 237b.3 c. part., take the initiative in doing,ἐμὲ ὑπῆρξαν ἄδικα ποιεῦντες Hdt.7.8
.β, cf. 6.133, 9.78; ὑπάρχει εὖ (or κακῶς)ποιῶν τινα X.An.2.3.23
, 5.5.9; τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀμύνεσθαι οἷσπερ καὶ οἱ Λκεδαιμόνιοι ὑπῆρξαν retaliating by the means which the L. had used first, Th.2.67 (where οἷσπερ is expld. by the following ἀποκτείναντες and ἐσβαλόντες).b in [voice] Med. c. inf., Ael.NA14.11: c. gen., βαδίσεως -ονται ib.4.34; ἡλίου -ομένου τῆς ἀκμῆς ib.1.20.4 c. acc., ὑ. εὐεργεσίας εἴς τινα or τινι take the initiative in [doing] kindnesses to one, D.19.280, Aeschin.2.26; ὑ. τοῦτο (sc. τὸ εὐνοεῖν) Men.927:—[voice] Pass.,ὑπηρεσίαι ὑπηργμέναι εἰς Φίλιππον αὑτῷ Aeschin. 2.109
;τὰ παρὰ τῶν θεῶν ὑπηργμένα D.1.10
; τὰ ἔκ τινος ὑπαργμένα ([dialect] Ion. for ὑπηργ-) Hdt.7.11;ὑπηργμένων πολλῶν κἀγαθῶν Ar. Lys. 1159
; ;ἀνάξια τῶν εἰς ὑμᾶς ὑπηργμένων Lys.21.25
; ἄξιον τῶν ὑ. equivalent to what was done for him, Arist.EN 1163b21: impers., ὑπῆρκτο αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ Πειραιέως) a beginning of it had been made, Th.1.93.B in [voice] Act. only, to be the begining, (anap.); πολλῶν κακῶν, μεγάλων ἀχέων, E.Ph. 1582 (v. l.), Andr. 274 (lyr.), cf. HF 1169.2 to be already in existence, (troch.); was already there,Pi.
P.4.205; αὗται αἱ νέες τοῖσι Ἀθηναίοισι ὑπῆρχον already existed, opp. to those they were about to build, Hdt.7.144; εἰ τοίνυν σφι χώρη γε μηδεμία ὑπῆρχε if they had no country originally existing, Id.2.15; χωρὶς δὲ τούτων οἱ χίλιοι ὑπῆρχον the original thousand existed, X.Cyr.1.5.5; (lyr.);ὑπαρχούσης μὲν τιμῆς, παρούσης δὲ δυνάμεως X.Ages.8.1
;τοῦτο δεῖ προσεῖναι, τὰ δ' ἄλλ' ὑπάρχει D.3.15
, cf. 8.53;ταὐτὰ ὑ. αὐτῷ ἅπερ ἐμοί Antipho 5.60
, cf. Lys.12.23; ὑμῖν.. ἐλευθερίαν τε ὑπάρχειν καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ξυμμάχοις κεκλῆσθαι there is in store for you.., Th.5.9: c. gen., οἶκος δ' ὑ. τῶνδε.. ἔχειν there is store of these things for us to have, A.Ag. 961 (s. v. l., οἴκοις Pors.): freq. in part., ἡ ὑπάρχουσα οὐσία the existing property, Isoc.1.28;τὰ ὑ. ἁμαρτήματα Th.2.92
; τῆς ὑ. τιμῆς for the current price, Syngr. ap. D.35.12; οἱ ὑ. πολῖται the existing citizens, Id.18.295; τῆς φύσεως ὑ. nature being what it is, X.Cyr.6.4.4; also κρησφύγετόν τι ὑπάρχον εἶναι that there should be a refuge ready prepared, Hdt.5.124.3 exist really, opp. φαίνομαι, Arist.Cael. 297b22, Metaph. 1046b10; ;καταληπτικὴ φαντασία ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπάρχοντος Stoic.2.25
.4 simply, be, (anap.);ὅθεν εὐμάρει' ὑπάρχοι πόρου Id.Ph. 704
(lyr.): and with a predicate, ;τὸ χωρίον καρτερὸν ὑ. Th.4.4
; φύσεως ἀγαθῆς ὑπάρξαι to be of a good natural disposition, X.Oec.21.11;κἂν σοφὸς ὑπάρχῃ Philem.102
; μέγα ὑ. τοῖς τοιούτοις λόγοις ις of great advantage to them, D.3.19; πολλῶν ὑπάρξει κῦρος ἡμέρα καλῶν, = κυρώσει πολλὰ καλά, S.El. 919.b τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, much like τὰ ὑπηργμένα (A. 4 [voice] Pass.), a man's record,ἀνάξιον τῶν ὑ. τῇ πόλει καὶ πεπραγμένων τοῖς προγόνοις D.8.49
; τὰ κάλλιστα τῶν ὑ. your past record, Id.18.95; ἡ ὑπάρχουσα αἰσχύνη the disgrace which has been incurred, Id.19.217;τὰ ὑπάρχοντα [αὑτῷ] ἐγκλήματα Aeschin.1.179
.5 sts. with a part., much like τυγχάνω, τοιαῦτα [αὐτῷ] ὑπῆρχε ἐὀντα Hdt.1.192;ἐχθρὸς ὑ. ὤν D.21.38
;ὑ. δύναμιν κεκτημένοι Id.3.7
, cf. 15.1.6 προγόνων ὑ. τῶν ἐξ Ἰλίου to be the descendant of.., D.H.2.65.II like ὑπόκειμαι 11.2, to be laid down, to be taken for granted, Pl.Smp. 198d; τούτου ὑπάρχοντος, τούτων ὑπαρχόντων, this being granted, Id.Ti. 30c, 29b;θέντες ὡς ὑπάρχον Id.R. 458a
.III belong to, fall to one, accrue, ὑπάρξει τοι.. τὰ ἐναντία you will have, Hdt.6.109, etc.;τὸ μισεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ὑ. Th.2.64
; τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων ἀμφοτέροις [σωτηρίαν] Id.6.86; ἡ ὑπάρχουσα φύσις your proper nature, its normal condition, Id.2.45; τῇ τέχνῃ ὑπάρχειν διδούς assigning as a property of art, Pl.Phlb. 58c, cf. Tht. 150b, 150c.2 of persons, ὑ. τινί to be devoted to one, X.An.1.1.4, HG7.5.5, D.19.54, etc.; καθ' ὑμῶν ὑπάρξων ἐκείνῳ he will be on his side against you, ib.118, cf. 2.14.b ἐν παντὶ.. πᾶς χωρίῳ, καὶ ᾧ μὴ ὑπάρχομεν every one in every place, even outside our sphere of influence (lit. to which we do not belong), Th.6.87.3 in the Logic of Arist. ὑπάρχειν denotes the subsistence of qualities in a subject, Metaph.1025a14; ὑ. τινί, = κατηγορεῖσθαί τινος, APr. 25a13, al.; ὑ. κατά τινος ib. 24a27, Int. 16b13; ἐπί τινος ib. 16a32;ὑ. τινὶ ζῴῳ πεζῷ δίποδι εἶναι Top. 109a14
; ὑπάρξει τι [τῷ πρώτῳ] it will have predicates, Plot.5.6.2;ἡ γένεσις τῷ χρόνῳ.. ὑπάρχει Dam.Pr. 142
.IV freq. in neut. pl. part., τὰ ὑπάρχοντα,1 in signf. 1, existing circumstances, presentadvantages, Democr. 191, D.2.2;ἀπὸ τῶν αἰεὶ ὑ. σφαλέντες Th.4.18
, cf. 6.33; πρὸς τὰ ὑ. ib.31;ἐκ τῶν ὑ.
under the circumstances, according to one's means,X.
An.6.4.9, Arist.Pol. 1288b33;ὡς ἐκ τῶν ὑ. Th.7.76
, 8.1.2 in signf. 111, possessions, resources, Id.1.70, 144, etc.; τὰ ἑκατέροις ὑ. ib. 141;κινδυνεύειν περὶ τῶν ὑ. Isoc.3.57
: as a Subst.,τὰ ὑ. αὐτοῦ Ev.Matt. 24.47
, cf. LXXGe.12.5; ὑποθέμενος τὰ ὑ. καὶ ὑπάρξοντα present and future resources, POxy.125.22 (vi A.D.), etc.3 Math., ὑπάρχοντα εἴδη positive terms, Dioph.1Def.10.V impers., ὑπάρχει the fact is that.., c. acc. et inf.,ὑ. γάρ σε μὴ γνῶναί τινα S.El. 1340
; ὡς ὑ. τοῦ ἔχειν .. as the case stands with regard to having, Arist.HA 516b25; περὶ τοὺς μαστοὺς ὑπεναντίως ὑ. ib. 500a14.2 it is allowed, it is possible, c. dat. et inf.,ὑ. ἡμῖν ἐπικρατεῖν Th.7.63
, cf. And.2.19, etc.;ὑ. αὐτῇ εὐδαίμονι εἶναι Pl.Phd. 81a
, cf. Prt. 345a, Phdr. 240b, etc.: also without a dat.,οὐχ ὑ. εἰδέναι Th.1.82
;ὑ. τὴν αὐτὴν εἶναι μητέρα Is.7.25
, etc.: abs., ὥσπερ ὑπῆρχε as well as was possible, Th.3.109.3 in neut. part., ὑπάρχον ὑμῖν πολεμεῖν since it is allowed you to.., Th. 1.124, cf. Pl.Smp. 217a. -
8 λόγος
λόγος, ὁ, verbal noun of λέγω (B), with senses corresponding to λέγω (B) II and III (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72,73 H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic, in which it is found in signf. derived from λέγω (B) 111, cf.infr. VI. 1 a:1 account of money handled,σανίδες εἰς ἃς τὸν λ. ἀναγράφομεν IG12.374.191
; ἐδίδοσαν τὸν λ. ib.232.2;λ. δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων Hdt.3.142
, cf. 143;οὔτε χρήματα διαχειρίσας τῆς πόλεως δίδωμι λ. αὐτῶν οὔτε ἀρχὴν ἄρξας οὐδεμίαν εὐθύνας ὑπέχω νῦν αὐτῆς Lys.24.26
;λ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Arist.Ath.54.1
;ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τοῦ τοιούτου λ. ὑπεχέτω Pl.Lg. 774b
;τὸν τῶν χρημάτων λ. παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν D.8.47
;ἀδικήματα εἰς ἀργυρίου λ. ἀνήκοντα Din.1.60
; συνᾶραι λόγον μετά τινος settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23, etc.; δεύτεροι λ. a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1; ὁ τραπεζιτικὸς λ. banking account, Theo Sm.p.73 H.: metaph.,οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην οὐδενὸς λ. βροτόν S.Aj. 477
.b public accounts, i. e. branch of treasury, ἴδιος λ., in Egypt, OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib.408.4, Str.17.1.12;ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν λ. IPE2.29
A ([place name] Panticapaeum); δημόσιος λ., = Lat. fiscus, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), etc. (but later, = aerarium, Cod.Just.1.5.15); alsoΚαίσαρος λ. OGI669.30
; κυριακὸς λ. ib.18.2 generally, account, reckoning, μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λ. excels the whole account, i.e. is best of all, S.OC 1225 (lyr.); δόντας λ. τῶν ἐποίησαν accounting for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100;λ. αἰτεῖν Pl.Plt. 285e
;λ. δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι Id.Prt. 336c
, al.;λαμβάνειν λ. καὶ ἐλέγχειν Id.Men. 75d
;παρασχεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων λ. Id.R. 344d
;λ. ἀπαιτεῖν D.30.15
, cf. Arist. EN 1104a3; λ. ὑπέχειν, δοῦναι, D.19.95;λ. ἐγγράψαι Id.24.199
, al.;λ. ἀποφέρειν τῇ πόλει Aeschin.3.22
, cf. Eu. Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17;τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβεβηκότων ὑπὸ λόγον ἄγειν Plb.15.34.2
; λ. ἡ ἐπιστήμη, πολλὰ δὲ ὁ λ. the account is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; ἔχων λόγον τοῦ διὰ τί an account of the cause, Arist.APo. 74b27; ἐς λ. τινός on account of,ἐς χρημάτων λ. Th.3.46
, cf. Plb.5.89.6, LXX 2 Ma1.14, JRS 18.152 ([place name] Jerash); λόγῳ c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5. al.; κατὰ λόγον τοῦ μεγέθους if we take into account his size, Arist.HA 517b27;πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λ. Ep.Hebr.4.13
, cf. D.Chr.31.123.3 measure, tale (cf. infr. 11.1),θάλασσα.. μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν Heraclit.31
;ψυχῆς ἐστι λ. ἑαυτὸν αὔξων Id.115
; ἐς τούτου (sc. γήραος) λ. οὐ πολλοί τινες ἀπικνέονται to the point of old age, Hdt.3.99, cf.7.9.β; ὁ ξύμπας λ. the full tale, Th.7.56, cf. Ep.Phil.4.15; κοινῷ λ. νομίσαντα common measure, Pl.Lg. 746e; sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὁ τῆς οὐσίας λ., = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.4 esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf. infr. VI. 2 d), οὗ πλείων λ. ἢ τῶν ἄλλων who is of more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; βροτῶν λ. οὐκ ἔσχεν οὐδέν' A.Pr. 233;οὐ σμικροῦ λ. S.OC 1163
: freq. in Hdt.,Μαρδονίου λ. οὐδεὶς γίνεται 8.102
;τῶν ἦν ἐλάχιστος ἀπολλυμένων λ. 4.135
, cf. E.Fr.94;περὶ ἐμοῦ οὐδεὶς λ. Ar.Ra.87
; λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι πρός τινος to be of no account, repute with.., Hdt.1.120, cf.4.138; λόγου ποιήσασθαί τινα make one of account, Id.1.33; ἐλαχίστου, πλείστου λ. εἶναι, to be highly, lowly esteemed, Id.1.143, 3.146; but also λόγον τινὸς ποιεῖσθαι, like Lat. rationem habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187, etc.: usu. in neg. statements,οὐδένα λ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Hdt.1.4
, cf. 13, Plb.21.14.9, etc.;λ. ἔχειν Hdt.1.62
, 115;λ. ἴσχειν περί τινος Pl.Ti. 87c
;λ. ἔχειν περὶ τοὺς ποιητάς Lycurg.107
;λ. ἔχειν τινός D.18.199
, Arist.EN 1102b32, Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of.., v. infr. VI. 2 e);ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ποιήσασθαί τι Hdt.3.50
; ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ἀπώλοντο without regard, Id.9.70;ἐν σμικρῷ λ. εἶναι Pl.R. 550a
; ὑμεῖς οὔτ' ἐν λ. οὔτ' ἐν ἀριθμῷ Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48; ἐν ἀνδρῶν λ. [εἶναι] to be reckoned, count as a man, Hdt.3.120; ἐν ἰδιώτεω λόγῳ καὶ ἀτίμου reckoned as.., Eus.Mynd.Fr. 59;σεμνὸς εἰς ἀρετῆς λ. καὶ δόξης D.19.142
.II relation, correspondence, proportion,1 generally, ὑπερτερίης λ. relation (of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164;πρὸς λόγον τοῦ σήματος A.Th. 519
; κατὰ λόγον προβαίνοντες τιμῶσι in inverse ratio, Hdt.1.134, cf. 7.36;κατὰ λ. τῆς ἀποφορῆς Id.2.109
; τἄλλα κατὰ λ. in like fashion, Hp.VM16, Prog.17: c. gen., κατὰ λ. τῶν πρόσθεν ib. 24;κατὰ λ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ar. Nu. 619
;κατὰ λ. τῆς δυνάμεως X. Cyr.8.6.11
;ἐλάττω ἢ κατὰ λ. Arist. HA 508a2
, cf. PA 671a18;ἐκ ταύτης ἐγένετο ἐκείνη κατὰ λ. Id.Pol. 1257a31
; cf. εὔλογος: sts. with ὁ αὐτός added, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. τῷ τείχεϊ in fashion like to.., Hdt.1.186; περὶ τῶν νόσων ὁ αὐτὸς λ. analogously, Pl.Tht. 158d, cf. Prm. 136b, al.; εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. similarly, Id.R. 353d; κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. in the same ratio, IG12.76.8; by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra. 393c, R. 610a, al.; ἀνὰ λόγον τινός, τινί, Id.Ti. 29c, Alc.2.145d; τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν λ. πρὸς.. ὃν ἡ παιδεία πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν is related to.. as.., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.2 Math., ratio, proportion (ὁ κατ' ἀνάλογον λ., λ. τῆς ἀναλογίας, Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag. 2;ἰσότης λόγων Arist.EN 113a31
;λ. ἐστὶ δύο μεγεθῶν ἡ κατὰ πηλικότητα ποιὰ σχέσις Euc.5
Def.3;τῶν ἁρμονιῶν τοὺς λ. Arist.Metaph. 985b32
, cf. 1092b14; λόγοι ἀριθμῶν numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32 M.; τοὺς φθόγγους ἀναγκαῖον ἐν ἀριθμοῦ λ. λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can. Proëm.: in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.;ἐὰν ᾖ ἰσχυροτέρα τοῦ αἰσθητηρίου ἡ κίνησις, λύεται ὁ λ. Arist.de An. 424a31
; ἀνὰ λόγον analogically, Archyt.2; ἀνὰ λ. μερισθεῖσα [ἡ ψυχή] proportionally, Pl. Ti. 37a; soκατὰ λ. Men.319.6
; πρὸς λόγον in proportion, Plb.6.30.3, 9.15.3 (but πρὸς λόγον ἐπὶ στενὸν συνάγεται narrows uniformly, Sor. 1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171);ἐπὶ λόγον IG5(1).1428
([place name] Messene).3 Gramm., analogy, rule, τῷ λ. τῶν μετοχικῶν, τῆς συγκοπῆς, by the rule of the participles, of syncope, Choerob. in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.;εἰπέ μοι τὸν λ. τοῦ Αἴας Αἴαντος, τουτέστι τὸν κανόνα An.Ox. 4.328
.1 plea, pretext, ground, ἐκ τίνος λ.; A.Ch. 515;ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. S.Ph. 731
;ἀπὸ παντὸς λ. Id.OC 762
;χὠ λ. καλὸς προσῆν Id.Ph. 352
;σὺν ἀφανεῖ λ. Id.OT 657
(lyr., v.l. λόγων); ἐν ἀφανεῖ λ. Antipho 5.59
;ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ λ. Hdt.6.124
; κατὰ τίνα λ.; on what ground? Pl.R. 366b; οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λ. to no purpose, Id.Prt. 343d; ἐπὶ τίνι λ.; for what reason? X.HG2.2.19; τὸν λ. τοῦτον this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228; τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; what just cause is there? Pl.Grg. 512c; τίνι λ.; on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἠνεσχόμην ὑμῶν reason would that.., ib.18.14; λ. ἔχειν, with personal subject, εἶχον ἄν τινα λ. I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation, Pl.Ap. 31b; τὸν ὀρθὸν λ. the true explanation, ib. 34b.b plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. VIII. I), τὸν ἥττω λ. κρείττω ποιεῖν to make the weaker case prevail, ib. 18b, al., Arist.Rh. 1402a24, cf. Ar.Nu. 1042 (pl.); personified, ib. 886, al.;ἀμύνεις τῷ τῆς ἡδονῆς λ. Pl.Phlb. 38a
;ἀνοίσεις τοὺς λ. αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν LXXEx.18.19
; ἐχειν λ. πρός τινα to have a case, ground of action against.., Act.Ap.19.38.2 statement of a theory, argument, οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοῦ λ. ἀκούσαντας prob. in Heraclit.50; λόγον ἠδὲ νόημα ἀμφὶς ἀληθείης discourse and reflection on reality, Parm.8.50; δηλοῖ οὗτος ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Democr.7; οὐκ ἔχει λόγον it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable, S.El. 466, Pl.Phd. 62d, etc.;ἔχει λ. D.44.32
;οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖ λ. E.Ba. 202
;δίκασον.. τὸν λ. ἀκούσας Pl.Lg. 696b
; personified, φησὶ οὗτος ὁ λ. ib. 714d, cf. Sph. 238b, Phlb. 50a; ὡς ὁ λ. (sc. λέγει) Arist.EN 1115b12; ὡς ὁ λ. ὁ ὀρθὸς λέγει ib. 1138b20, cf. 29;ὁ λ. θέλει προσβιβάζειν Phld.Rh.1.41
, cf.1.19 S.; ;λ. καθαίρων Aristo Stoic.1.88
; λόγου τυγχάνειν to be explained, Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; ὁ τὸν λ. μου ἀκούων my teaching, Ev.Jo.5.24; ὁ προφητικὸς λ., collect., of VT prophecy, 2 Ep.Pet.1.19: pl.,ὁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα Heraclit.108
;οὐκ ἐπίθετο τοῖς ἐμοῖς λ. Ar.Nu.73
; of arguments leading to a conclusion ([etym.] ὁ λ.), Pl. Cri. 46b;τὰ Ἀναξαγόρου βιβλία γέμει τούτων τῶν λ. Id.Ap. 26d
; λ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς, Arist.EN 1095a31; συλλογισμός ἐστι λ. ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν κτλ. Id.APr. 24b18; λ. ἀντίτυπός τε καὶ ἄπορος, of a self-contradictory theory, Plot.6.8.7.b ὁ περὶ θεῶν λ., title of a discourse by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς λ., name of an argument, ib.23;ὁ αὐξόμενος λ. Plu.2.559b
; καταβάλλοντες (sc. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60;λ. σοφιστικοί Arist.SE 165a34
, al.;οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λ. Id.Rh. 1417a19
, etc.; οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λ., current outside the Lyceum, Id.Ph. 217b31, al.; Δισσοὶ λ., title of a philosophical treatise (= Dialex.); Λ. καὶ Λογίνα, name of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.c in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion,πρότασίς ἐστι λ. καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr. 24a16
.d rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of λογισμός, Pi.O.2.22, P.1.35, N.4.31;πείθεσθαι τῷ λ. ὃς ἄν μοι λογιζομένῳ βέλτιστος φαίνηται Pl.Cri. 46b
, cf. c; ἡδονὰς τοῖς ὀρθοῖς λ. ἑπομένας obeying right principles, Id.Lg. 696c; προαιρέσεως [ἀρχὴ] ὄρεξις καὶ λ. ὁ ἕνεκά τινος principle directed to an end, Arist.EN 1139a32; of the final cause,ἀρχὴ ὁ λ. ἔν τε τοῖς κατὰ τέχνην καὶ ἐν τοῖς φύσει συνεστηκόσιν Id.PA 639b15
; ἀποδιδόασι τοὺς λ. καὶ τὰς αἰτίας οὗ ποιοῦσι ἑκάστου ib.18; [τέχνη] ἕξις μετὰ λ. ἀληθοῦς ποιητική Id.EN 1140a10
; ὀρθὸς λ. true principle, right rule, ib. 1144b27, 1147b3, al.; κατὰ λόγον by rule, consistently,ὁ κατὰ λ. ζῶν Pl.Lg. 689d
, cf. Ti. 89d; τὸ κατὰ λ. ζῆν, opp. κατὰ πάθος, Arist.EN 1169a5; κατὰ λ. προχωρεῖν according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.3 law, rule of conduct,ᾧ μάλιστα διηνεκῶς ὁμιλοῦσι λόγῳ Heraclit.72
;πολλοὶ λόγον μὴ μαθόντες ζῶσι κατὰ λόγον Democr.53
; δεῖ ὑπάρχειν τὸν λ. τὸν καθόλου τοῖς ἄρχουσιν universal principle, Arist.Pol. 1286a17;ὁ νόμος.. λ. ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ Id.EN 1180a21
; ὁ νόμος.. ἔμψυχος ὢν ἑαυτῷ λ. conscience, Plu. 2.780c; τὸν λ. πρόχειρον ἔχειν precept, Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102;ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λ. κοινός M.Ant.4.4
.4 thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι λόγον maintain a thesis, Pl. Prt. 344b; ὑποθέμενος ἑκάστοτε λ. provisionally assuming a proposition, Id.Phd. 100a; τὸν τῆς ὁμοιότητος λ. hypothesis of equivalence, Arist.Cael. 296a20.5 reason, ground,πάντων γινομένων κατὰ τὸν λ. τόνδε Heraclit.1
;οὕτω βαθὺν λ. ἔχει Id.45
; ἐκ λόγου, opp. μάτην, Leucipp. 2;μέγιστον σημεῖον οὗτος ὁ λ. Meliss.8
; [ἐμπειρία] οὐκ ἔχει λ. οὐδένα ὧν προσφέρει has no grounds for.., Pl.Grg. 465a; μετὰ λόγουτε καὶ ἐπιστήμης θείας Id.Sph. 265c
; ἡ μετα λόγου ἀληθὴς δόξα ([etym.] ἐπιστήμη) Id.Tht. 201c; λόγον ζητοῦσιν ὧν οὐκ ἔστι λ. proof, Arist. Metaph. 1011a12;οἱ ἁπάντων ζητοῦντες λ. ἀναιροῦσι λ. Thphr.Metaph. 26
.6 formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent thereto), term expressing reason,λ. τῆς πολιτείας Pl.R. 497c
; ψυχῆς οὐσία τε καὶ λ. essential definition, Id.Phdr. 245e;ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λ. Id.R. 343a
; τὸν λ. τῆς οὐσίας ib. 534b, cf. Phd. 78d;τὰς πολλὰς ἐπιστήμας ἑνὶ λ. προσειπεῖν Id.Tht. 148d
;ὁ τῆς οἰκοδομήσεως λ. ἔχει τὸν τῆς οἰκίας Arist. PA 646b3
;τεθείη ἂν ἴδιον ὄνομα καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λ. Id.Metaph. 1006b5
, cf. 1035b4;πᾶς ὁρισμὸς λ. τίς ἐστι Id.Top. 102a5
; ἐπὶ τῶν σχημάτων λ. κοινός generic definition, Id.de An. 414b23; ἀκριβέστατος λ. specific definition, Id.Pol. 1276b24;πηγῆς λ. ἔχον Ph.2.477
; τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε ἀρχῆς ἔχει λ. fulfils the function of.., Plu.2.637d; λ. τῆς μίξεως formula, i. e. ratio (cf. supr. II) of combination, Arist.PA 642a22, cf. Metaph. 993a17.7 reason, law exhibited in the world-process, κατὰ λόγον by law,κόσμῳ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λ. ἔχοντα Pl.R. 500c
; κατ τὸν < αὐτὸν αὖ> λ. by the same law, Epich.170.18;ψυχῆς τὸ πᾶν τόδε διοικούσης κατὰ λ. Plot.2.3.13
; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order,τὸν τοῦ παντὸς λ. ὃν ἔνιοι εἱμαρμένην καλοῦσιν Zeno Stoic.1.24
; τὸ ποιοῦν τὸν ἐν [τῇ ὕλῃ] λ. τὸν θεόν ibid., cf. 42;ὁ τοῦ κόσμου λ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264
; λόγος, = φύσει νόμος, Stoic.2.169;κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν θεοῖς καὶ ἀνθρώποις λ. M.Ant.7.53
;ὁ ὀρθὸς λ. διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4
: so in Plot.,τὴν φύσιν εἶναι λόγον, ὃς ποιεῖ λ. ἄλλον γέννημα αὑτοῦ 3.8.2
.b σπερματικὸς λ. generative principle in organisms,ὁ θεὸς σπ. λ. τοῦ κόσμου Zeno Stoic.1.28
: usu. in pl., Stoic. 2.205,314,al.;γίνεται τὰ ἐν τῷ παντὶ οὐ κατὰ σπερματικούς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ λ. περιληπτικούς Plot.3.1.7
, cf.4.4.39: so withoutσπερματικός, ὥσπερ τινὲς λ. τῶν μερῶν Cleanth.Stoic.1.111
;οἱ λ. τῶν ὅλων Ph.1.9
.c in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces, derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe,ὄντων μειζόνων λ. καὶ θεωρούντων αὑτοὺς ἐγὼ γεγέννημαι Plot.3.8.4
;οἱ ἐν σπέρματι λ. πλάττουσι.. τὰ ζῷα οἷον μικρούς τινας κόσμους Id.4.3.10
, cf.3.2.16,3.5.7; opp. ὅρος, Id.6.7.4;ἀφανεῖς λ. τῆς φύσεως Procl.
in R.1.18 K.; τεχνικοὶ λ. ib.142 K., al.IV inward debate of the soul (cf.λ. ὃν αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἡ ψυχὴ διεξέρχεται Pl.Tht. 189e
( διάλογος in Sph. 263e); ὁ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ ἔσω λ. (opp. ὁ ἔξω λ.), Arist.APo. 76b25, 27; ὁ ἐνδιάθετος, opp. ὁ προφορικὸς λ., Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),1 thinking, reasoning, τοῦ λ. ἐόντος ξυνοῦ, opp. ἰδία φρόνησις, Heraclit. 2; κρῖναι δὲ λόγῳ.. ἔλεγχον test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection, deliberation (cf. VI.3),ἐδίδου λόγον ἑωυτῷ περὶ τῆς ὄψιος Hdt.1.209
, cf. 34, S.OT 583, D.45.7; μὴ εἰδέναι.. μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ neither by reasoning nor by experience, Anaxag.7;ἃ δὴ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ διανοίᾳ ληπτά, ὄψει δ' οὔ Pl.R. 529d
, cf. Prm. 135e;ὁ λ. ἢ ἡ αἴσθησις Arist.EN 1149a35
,al.; αὐτῷ μόνον τῷ λ. πιστεύειν (opp. αἰσθήσεις), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl. ap. Eus.PE14.17: hence λόγῳ or τῷ λ. in idea, in thought,τῷ λ. τέμνειν Pl.R. 525e
; τῷ λ. δύο ἐστίν, ἀχώριστα πεφυκότα two in idea, though indistinguishable in fact, Arist. EN 1102a30, cf. GC 320b14, al.; λόγῳ θεωρητά mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20;τοὺς λ. θεωρητοὺς χρόνους Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.
; διὰ λόγου θ. χ. ib.p.10 U.;λόγῳ καταληπτός Phld.Po.5.20
, etc.; ὁ λ. οὕτω αἱρέει analogy proves, Hdt.2.33; ὁ λ. or λ. αἱρέει reasoning convinces, Id.3.45,6.124, cf. Pl.Cri. 48c (but, our argument shows, Lg. 663d): also c. acc. pers., χρᾶται ὅ τι μιν λ. αἱρέει as the whim took him, Hdt.1.132; ἢν μὴ ἡμέας λ. αἱρῇ unless we see fit, Id.4.127, cf. Pl.R. 607b; later ὁ αἱρῶν λ. ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50, M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict. 2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted with other functions, καθ' ὕπνον ἐπειδὴ λόγου καὶ φρονήσεως οὐ μετεῖχε since reason and understanding are in abeyance, Pl.Ti. 71d; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης, opp. αἰτία αὐτομάτη, of Nature's processes of production, Id.Sph. 265c; τὸ μὲν δὴ νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτόν embraced by thought with reflection, opp. μετ' αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου, Id.Ti. 28a; τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ μετ' ἀληθοῦς λ., opp. τὸ δὲ ἄλογον, ib. 51e, cf. 70d, al.;λ. ἔχων ἑπόμενον τῷ νοεῖν Id.Phlb. 62a
; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λ. scientific knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd. 73a;πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἐπιστήμη τῶν καθόλου Arist.Metaph. 1059b26
;τὸ λόγον ἔχον Id.EN 1102b15
, 1138b9, al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on the former,εἰς τοὺς λ. καταφυγόντα Pl.Phd. 99e
; τὸν ἐν λόγοις σκοπούμενον τὰ ὄντα, opp. τὸν ἐν ἔργοις (realities), ib. 100a;τῇ αἰσθήσει μᾶλλον τῶν λ. πιστευτέον Arist.GA 760b31
; γνωριμώτερα κατὰ τὸν λ., opp. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν, Id.Ph. 189a4; ἐκ τῶν λ. δῆλον, opp. ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, Id.Mete. 378b20; ἡ τῶν λ. πίστις, opp. ἐκ τῶν ἔργων φανερόν, Id.Pol. 1326a29;ἡ πίστις οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λ. Id.Ph. 262a19
;μαρτυρεῖ τὰ γιγνόμενα τοῖς λ. Id.Pol. 1334a6
; ὁ μὲν λ. τοῦ καθόλου, ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τοῦ κατὰ μέρος explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph. 189a7; ἔσονται τοῖς λ. αἱ πράξεις ἀκόλουθοι theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25; in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN 1142a26, 1143b1; reasoning in general, ib. 1149a26; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἀπόδειξις all reasoning and demonstration, Id.Metaph. 1063b10;λ. καὶ φρόνησιν Phld.Mus.p.105
K.; ὁ λ. ἢ λογισμός ibid.; τὸ ἰδεῖν οὐκέτι λ., ἀλλὰ μεῖζον λόγου καὶ πρὸ λόγου, of mystical vision, opp. reasoning, Plot.6.9.10.—Phrases, κατὰ λ. τὸν εἰκότα by probable reasoning, Pl.Ti. 30b;οὔκουν τόν γ' εἰκότα λ. ἂν ἔχοι Id.Lg. 647d
; παρὰ λόγον, opp. κατὰ λ., Arist.Rh.Al. 1429a29, cf. EN 1167b19; cf. παράλογος (but παρὰ λ. unexpectedly, E.Ba. 940).2 reason as a faculty, ὁ λ. ἀνθρώπους κυβερνᾷ [Epich.] 256; [θυμοειδὲς] τοῦ λ. κατήκοον Pl.Ti. 70a
; [θυμὸς] ὑπὸ τοῦ λ. ἀνακληθείς Id.R. 440d
; σύμμαχον τῷ λ. τὸν θυμόν ib. b;πειθαρχεῖ τῷ λ. τὸ τοῦ ἐγκρατοῦς Arist. EN 1102b26
; ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸν λ. πεφυκός, ὃ μάχεται τῷ λ. ib.17;ἐναντίωσις λόγου πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας Plot.4.7.13(8)
;οὐ θυμός, οὐκ ἐπιθυμία, οὐδὲ λ. οὐδέ τις νόησις Id.6.9.11
: freq. in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. φαντασία, Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. φύσις, Stoic.2.206; οὐ σοφία οὐδὲ λ. ἐστὶν ἐν [τοῖς ζῴοις] ibid.;τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῴοις ὡς λ. ἔχων λ. μὴ ἔχουσι χρῶ M.Ant.6.23
;ὁ λ. κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Arr.Epict. 1.3.3
;οἷον [εἰκὼν] λ. ὁ ἐν προφορᾷ λόγου τοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὴ λ. νοῦ Plot.5.1.3
; τὸ τὸν λ. σχεῖν τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετήν (sc. εὐδαιμονίαν) Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the universe, θεῖος λ. [Epich.] 257;τὸν θεῖον λ. καθ' Ἡράκλειτον δι' ἀναπνοῆς σπάσαντες νοεροὶ γινόμεθα S.E.M.7.129
(cf. infr. x).b creative reason,ἀδύνατον ἦν λόγον μὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ πάντα ἐλθεῖν Plot.3.2.14
;ἀρχὴ οὖν λ. καὶ πάντα λ. καὶ τὰ γινόμενα κατ' αὐτόν Id.3.2.15
;οἱ λ. πάντες ψυχαί Id.3.2.18
.2 legend,ἱρὸς λ. Hdt.2.62
, cf. 47, Pi.P.3.80 (pl.);συνθέντες λ. E.Ba. 297
;λ. θεῖος Pl.Phd. 85d
; ἱεροὶ λ., of Orphic rhapsodies, Suid. S.V. Ὀρφεύς.3 tale, story,ἄλλον ἔπειμι λ. Xenoph. 7.1
, cf. Th.1.97, etc.;συνθέτους λ. A.Pr. 686
; σπουδὴν λόγου urgent tidings, E.Ba. 663; ἄλλος λ. 'another story', Pl.Ap. 34e; ὁμολογούμενος ὁ λ. ἐστίν the story is consistent, Isoc.3.27: pl., histories,ἐν τοῖσι Ἀσσυρίοισι λ. Hdt.1.184
, cf. 106, 2.99; so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123, 6.19,7.152: also in sg., one section of such a work (like later βίβλος), Id.2.38,6.39, cf. VI.3d; so in pl.,ἐν τοῖσι Λιβυκοῖσι λ. Id.2.161
, cf. 1.75,5.22,7.93, 213;ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν λ. Id.5.36
; ὁ πρῶτος λ., of St. Luke's gospel, Act.Ap.1.1: in Pl., opp. μῦθος, as history to legend, Ti. 26e; , cf. Grg. 523a (but μῦθον λέγειν, opp. λόγῳ ( argument)διεξελθεῖν Prt. 320c
, cf. 324d);περὶ λόγων καὶ μύθων Arist.Pol. 1336a30
;ὁ λ... μῦθός ἐστι Ael.NA4.34
.4 speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc.,χρήσομαι τῇ τοῦ λ. τάξει ταύτῃ Aeschin.3.57
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1358a38;δικανικοὶ λ. Id.EN 1181a4
;τρία γένη τῶν λ. τῶν ῥητορικῶν, συμβουλευτικόν, δικανικόν, ἐπιδεικτικόν Id.Rh. 1358b7
;τῷ γράψαντι τὸν λ. Thphr. Char.17.8
, cf.λογογράφος 11
; ἐπιτάφιος λ. funeral oration, Pl.Mx. 236b; esp. of the body of a speech, opp. ἐπίλογος, Arist.Rh. 1420b3; opp. προοίμιον, ib. 1415a12; body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg. 723b; spoken, opp. written word,τὸν τοῦ εἰδότος λ. ζῶντα καὶ ἔμψυχον οὗ ὁ γεγραμμένος εἴδωλόν τι Id.Phdr. 276a
; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ῥηθεὶς [λ.] speech read from a roll, ib. 243c; published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy ([etym.] ῥήσεις), Arist.Po. 1450b6,9.VI verbal expression or utterance (cf. λέγω (B) 111), rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable ([etym.] ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usu. of a phrase, cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in [dialect] Ep.).a pl., without Art., talk,τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il.15.393
;αἱμύλιοι λ. Od.1.56
, h.Merc. 317, Hes.Th. 890, Op.78, 789, Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141; ψευδεῖς Λ., personified, Hes.Th. 229;ἀφροδίσιοι λ. Semon.7.91
;ἀγανοῖσι λ. Pi.P. 4.101
; ὄψον δὲ λ. φθονεροῖσιν tales, Id.N.8.21; σμικροὶ λ. brief words, S.Aj. 1268 (s.v.l.), El. 415; δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων bred of talk, Id.OT 681 (lyr.): also in sg., λέγ' εἴ σοι τῷ λ. τις ἡδονή speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El. 891.b sg., expression, phrase,πρὶν εἰπεῖν ἐσθλὸν ἢ κακὸν λ. Id.Ant. 1245
, cf. E.Hipp. 514;μυρίας ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ Hdt.2.37
; μακρὸς λ. rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph. 1091a8; λ. ἠρέμα λεχθεὶς διέθηκε τὸ πόρρω a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3; ἑνὶ λόγῳ to sum up, in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr. 241e, Phd. 65d; concisely, Arist. EN 1103b21 (but also, = ἁπλῶς, περὶ πάντων ἑνὶ λ. Id.GC 325a1): pl., λ. θελκτήριοι magic words, E.Hipp. 478; rarely of single words,λ. εὐσύνθετος οἷον τὸ χρονοτριβεῖν Arist.Rh. 1406a36
; οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λ. answered her not a word, Ev.Matt.15.23.c coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense,λ. ἔργου σκιή Democr. 145
;ὥσπερ μικρὸν παῖδα λόγοις μ' ἀπατᾷς Thgn.254
; λόγῳ, opp. ἔργῳ, Democr.82, etc.;νηπίοισι οὐ λ. ἀλλὰ ξυμφορὴ διδάσκαλος Id.76
;ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι A.Pr. 338
, cf. S.El.59, OC 782;λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσι.. ἔργῳ δὲ οὐκ ἀποδεικνῦσι Hdt.4.8
;οὐ λόγων, φασίν, ἡ ἀγορὴ δεῖται, χαλκῶν δέ Herod.7.49
;οὔτε λ. οὔτε ἔργῳ Lys.9.14
; λόγοις, opp. ψήφῳ, Aeschin.2.33; opp. νόῳ, Hdt.2.100;οὐ λόγῳ μαθών E.Heracl.5
;ἐκ λόγων, κούφου πράγματος Pl.Lg. 935a
; λόγοισι εἰς τὸ πιθανὸν περιπεπεμμένα ib. 886e, cf. Luc.Anach.19;ἵνα μὴ λ. οἴησθε εἶναι, ἀλλ' εἰδῆτε τὴν ἀλήθειαν Lycurg.23
, cf. D.30.34; opp. πρᾶγμα, Arist.Top. 146a4; opp. βία, Id.EN 1179b29, cf. 1180a5; opp. ὄντα, Pl.Phd. 100a; opp. γνῶσις, 2 Ep.Cor.11.6; λόγῳ in pretence, Hdt.1.205, Pl.R. 361b, 376d, Ti. 27a, al.; λόγου ἕνεκα merely as a matter of words,ἄλλως ἕνεκα λ. ἐλέγετο Id.Cri. 46d
; λόγου χάριν, opp. ὡς ἀληθῶς, Arist.Pol. 1280b8; but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN 1144a33, Plb.10.46.4, Phld. Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; λόγου ἕνεκα let us suppose, Pl.Tht. 191c; ἕως λόγου, μέχρι λ., = Lat. verbo tenus, Plb.10.24.7, Epict.Ench.16: sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal (cf. 'word and deed'),λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει S.OC68
;ἔν τε ἔργῳ καὶ λ. Pl.R. 382e
, cf. D.S.13.101, Ev.Luc.24.19, Act.Ap.7.22, Paus.2.16.2; ὅσα μὲν λόγῳ εἶπον, opp. τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων, Th. 1.22.2 common talk, report, tradition,ὡς λ. ἐν θνητοῖσιν ἔην Batr. 8
;λ. ἐκ πατέρων Alc.71
;οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λ. οὗτος Stesich.32
;διξὸς λέγεται λ. Hdt.3.32
;λ. ὑπ' Αἰγυπτίων λεγόμενος Id.2.47
; νέον [λ.] tidings, S.Ant. 1289 (lyr.); τὰ μὲν αὐτοὶ ὡρῶμεν, τὰ δὲ λόγοισι ἐπυνθανόμεθα by hearsay, Hdt.2.148: also in pl., ἐν γράμμασιν λόγοι κείμενοι traditions, Pl.Lg. 886b.b rumour,ἐπὶ παντὶ λ. ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit. 87
; αὐδάεις λ. voice of rumour, B.14.44; περὶ θεῶν διῆλθεν ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Th.6.46; λ. παρεῖχεν ὡς .. Plb.3.89.3; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λ. οὗτος εῖς τινας ὅτι .. Ev.Jo.21.23, cf. Act.Ap.11.22; fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.c mention, notice, description, οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἄξιον οὐδέν worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28, cf. Plb.1.24.8, etc.; ἔργα λόγου μέζω beyond expression, Hdt.2.35; κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου beyond description, Th. 2.50;μείζω ἔργα ἢ ὡς τῷ λ. τις ἂν εἴποι D.6.11
.d the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. 1.4),πολλὰ φέρειν εἴωθε λ... πταίσματα Thgn.1221
;λ. ἐσλὸν ἀκοῦσαι Pi.I.5(4).13
;πλέονα.. λ. Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν Id.N.7.21
;ἵνα λ. σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀγαθός Hdt.7.5
, cf. 9.78; Τροίαν.. ἧς ἁπανταχοῦ λ. whose fame, story fills the world, E.IT 517;οὐκ ἂν ἦν λ. σέθεν Id.Med. 541
: less freq. in bad sense, evil report, λ. κακόθρους, κακός, S. Aj. 138 (anap.), E.Heracl. 165: pl., λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων slanders, S.Aj. 148 (anap.).e λ. ἐστί, ἔχει, κατέχει, the story goes, c. acc. et inf.,ἔστ τις λ. τὰν Ἀρετὰν ναίειν Simon.58.1
, cf. S.El. 417; λ. μὲν ἔστ' ἀρχαῖος ὡς .. Id.Tr.1; λ. alone, E.Heracl.35;ὡς λ. A.Supp. 230
, Pl. Phlb. 65c, etc.;λ. ἐστί Hdt.7.129
,9.26, al.;λ. αἰὲν ἔχει S.OC 1573
(lyr.); ὅσον ὁ λ. κατέχει tradition prevails, Th.1.10: also with a personal subject in the reverse construction. Κλεισθένης λ. ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι has the credit of.., Hdt.5.66, cf. Pl.Epin. 987b, 988b;λ. ἔχοντα σοφίας Ep.Col.2.23
, v.supr.1.4.3 discussion, debate, deliberation,πολλὸς ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λ. Hdt.8.59
;συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων Id.1.97
;οἱ Πελασγοὶ ἑωυτοῖσι λόγους ἐδίδοσαν Id.6.138
; ;οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης λ. Aeschin.2.74
; τοῖς ἔξωθεν λ. πεπλήρωκε τὸν λ. [Plato] has filled his dialogue with extraneous discussions, Arist.Pol. 1264b39;τὸ μῆκος τῶν λ. D.Chr.7.131
; μεταβαίνων ὁ λ. εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφῖκται our debate, Arist.EN 1097a24; ὁ παρὼν λ. ib. 1104a11; θεῶν ὧν νῦν ὁ λ. ἐστί discussion, Pl.Ap. 26b, cf. Tht. 184a, M.Ant.8.32; τῷ λ. διελθεῖν, διϊέναι, Pl.Prt. 329c, Grg. 506a, etc.; τὸν λ. διεξελθεῖν conduct the debate, Id.Lg. 893a; ξυνελθεῖν ἐς λόγον confer, Ar.Eq. 1300: freq. in pl., ἐς λόγους συνελθόντες parley, Hdt. 1.82; ἐς λ. ἐλθεῖν τινι have speech with, ib.86;ἐς λ. ἀπικέσθαι τινί Id.2.32
;διὰ λόγων ἰέναι E.Tr. 916
;ἐμαυτῇ διὰ λ. ἀφικόμην Id.Med. 872
;ἐς λ. ἄγειν τινά X.HG4.1.2
;κοινωνεῖν λόγων καὶ διανοίας Arist.EN 1170b12
.b right of discussion or speech, ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήθει λ.; S.OC 66; λ. αἰτήσασθαι ask leave to speak, Th.3.53;λ. διδόναι X.HG5.2.20
; οὐ προυτέθη σφίσιν λ. κατὰ τὸν νόμον ib.1.7.5;λόγου τυχεῖν D.18.13
, cf. Arist.EN 1095b21, Plb.18.52.1;οἱ λόγου τοὺς δούλους ἀποστεροῦντες Arist.Pol. 1260b5
;δοῦλος πέφυκας, οὐ μέτεστί σοι λόγου Trag.Adesp.304
;διδόντας λ. καὶ δεχομένους ἐν τῷ μέρει Luc.Pisc.8
: hence, time allowed for a speech,ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ λ. And.1.26
,al.;ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λ. Pl.Ap. 34a
;οὐκ ἐλάττω λ. ἀνήλωκε D.18.9
.c dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate,ἵνα μὴ μαχώμεθα ἐν τοῖς λ. ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ Pl. Cra. 430d
;πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς λ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Prt. 348a
: hence, dialogue as a form of literature,οἱ Σωκρατικοὶ λ. Arist.Po. 1447b11
, Rh. 1417a20; cf. διάλογος.d section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3),ὁ πρῶτος λ. Pl.Prm. 127d
; ὁ πρόσθεν, ὁ παρελθὼν λ., Id.Phlb. 18e, 19b;ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λ. Arist.PA 682a3
; ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λ. in the discussion of motion (i. e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC 318a4;ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐπαίνου λ. Phld.Rh.1.219
; branch, department, division of a system of philosophy,τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκ τριῶν συνεστηκέναι λ., τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τῶν ἠθικῶν καὶ τῶν λογικῶν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258
.e in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax. 365b, Epin. 975d, D.H.Comp.1,21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c);οἱ ἐπὶ λόγοις εὐδοκιμώτατοι Hdn.6.1.4
; Λόγοι, personified, AP9.171 (Pall.).VII a particular utterance, saying:1 divine utterance, oracle, Pi.P.4.59;λ. μαντικοί Pl. Phdr. 275b
;οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν ἐρῶ τὸν λ. Pl.Ap. 20e
;ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Apoc.1.2
,9.2 proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6, A.Th. 218; ὧδ' ἔχει λ. ib. 225; τόνδ' ἐκαίνισεν λ. ὡς .. Critias 21, cf. Pl.R. 330a, Ev.Jo.4.37;ὁ παλαιὸς λ. Pl.Phdr. 240c
, cf. Smp. 195b, Grg. 499c, Lg. 757a, 1 Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.;τὸ τοῦ λόγου δὴ τοῦτο Herod.2.45
, cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3, Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN 1147a21.4 express resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.1.141,al.; ἐπὶ λ. τοιῷδε, ἐπ' ᾧ τε .. on the following terms, Id.7.158, cf. 9.26;ἐνδέξασθαι τὸν λ. Id.1.60
, cf. 9.5; λ. ἔχοντες πλεονέκτην a greedy proposal, Id.7.158: freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33, etc.5 word of command, behest, A.Pr.17,40 (both pl.), Pers. 363;ἀνθρώπους πιθανωτέρους ποιεῖν λόγῳ X.Oec.13.9
;ἐξέβαλε τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Ev.Matt.8.16
; οἱ δέκα λ. the ten Commandments, LXX Ex.34.28, Ph.1.496.VIII thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. 111.1 b and 2),λ. τοῦτον ἐάσομεν Thgn.1055
; προπεπυσμένος πάντα λ. the whole matter, Hdt.1.21, cf. 111; τὸν ἐόντα λ. the truth of the matter, ib.95, 116; μετασχεῖν τοῦ λ. to be in the secret, ib. 127;μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λ. τοῦτον εῐπῃς Id.8.65
; τίς ἦν λ.; S.OT 684 ( = πρᾶγμα, 699); περί τινος λ. διελεγόμεθα subject, question, Pl.Prt. 314c; [τὸ προοίμιον] δεῖγμα τοῦ λ. case, Arist.Rh. 1415a12, cf. 111.1b; τέλος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λ. ψηφίζονται the end of the matter was that.., Aeschin.3.124;οὐκ ἔστεξε τὸν λ. Plb.8.12.5
;οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λ. τούτῳ Act.Ap.8.21
;ἱκανὸς αὐτῷ ὁ λ. Pl.Grg. 512c
; οὐχ ὑπολείπει [Γοργίαν] ὁ λ. matter for talk, Arist.Rh. 1418a35;μηδένα λ. ὑπολιπεῖν Isoc.4.146
; πρὸς λόγον to the point, apposite,οὐδὲν πρὸς λ. Pl.Phlb. 42e
, cf. Prt. 344a;ἐὰν πρὸς λ. τι ᾖ Id.Phlb. 33c
; alsoπρὸς λόγου Id.Grg. 459c
(s. v.l.).b in Art, subject of a painting,ζωγραφίας λόγοι Philostr.VA 6.10
;λ. τῆς γραφῆς Id.Im.1.25
.IX expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, τὸ ἀπὸ [ψυχῆς] ῥεῦμα διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἰὸν μετὰ φθόγγου λ., opp. διάνοια, Pl.Sph. 263e; intelligent utterance, opp. φωνή, Arist.Pol. 1253a14;λ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ σημαντικὴ κατὰ συνθήκην Id.Int. 16b26
, cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; ὅθεν (from the heart)ὁ λ. ἀναπέμπεται Stoic.2.228
, cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed λόγος, Hsch. ap. Sch.Pl.R. 600c, Suid.;λόγου πειθοῖ Democr.181
: in pl., eloquence, Isoc.3.3,9.11;τὴν ἐν λόγοις εὐρυθμίαν Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69
v. d. M.; λ. ἀκριβής precise language, Ar.Nu. 130 (pl.), cf. Arist.Rh. 1418b1;τοῦ μὴ ᾀδομένου λ. Pl.R. 398d
; ἡδυσμένος λ., of rhythmical language set to music, Arist.Po. 1449b25; ἐν παντὶ λ. in all manner of utterance, 1 Ep.Cor.1.5; ἐν λόγοις in orations, Arist.Po. 1459a13; λ. γελοῖοι, ἀσχήμονες, ludicrous, improper speech, Id.SE 182b15, Pol. 1336b14.2 of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary, ;ἐν λόγῳ καὶ ἐν ᾠδαῖς X.Cyr.1.4.25
, cf. Pl.Lg. 835b; prose, opp. ποίησις, Id.R. 390a; opp. ψιλομετρία, Arist.Po. 1448a11; opp. ἔμμετρα, ib. 1450b15 (pl.); τῷ λ. τοῦτο τῶν μέτρων (sc. τὸ ἰαμβεῖον)ὁμοιότατον εἶναι Id.Rh. 1404a31
; in full, ψιλοὶ λ. prose, ib. b33 (but ψιλοὶ λ., = arguments without diagrams, Pl.Tht. 165a); λ. πεζοί, opp. ποιητική, D.H.Comp.6; opp. ποιήματα, ib.15;κοινὰ καὶ ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων Phld.Po.5.7
; πεζὸς λ. ib.27, al.b of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words,τὸ μέλος ἐκ τριῶν.. λόγου τε καὶ ἁρμονίας καὶ ῥυθμοῦ Pl.R. 398d
; opp. πρᾶξις, Arist.Po. 1454a18; dramatic dialogue, opp. τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ, ib. 1449a17.3 Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. ὄνομα, Id.SE 165a13; λ. ὀνοματώδης noun- phrase, Id.APo. 93b30, cf. Rh. 1407b27; expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.b sentence, complete statement, "ἄνθρωπος μανθάνει λόγον εἶναί φῃς.. ἐλάχιστόν τε καὶ πρῶτον Pl.Sph. 262c
;λ. αὐτοτελής A.D.Synt.3.6
, D.T.634.1; ῥηθῆναι λόγῳ to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht. 202b; λ. ἔχειν to be capable of being so expressed, ib. 201e, cf. Arist.Rh. 1404b26.c language, τὰ τοῦ λ. μέρη parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.;τὰ μόρια τοῦ λ. D.H.Comp.6
;μέρος λ. D.T.633.26
, A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but ἓν μέρος <τοῦ cod.> λόγου one word, Id.Synt.340.10, cf. 334.22); περὶ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ λ., title of work by Chrysippus.X the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent in creation and world-government,ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λ. LXX Wi.18.15
;ὁ ἐκ νοὸς φωτεινὸς λ. υἱὸς θεοῦ Corp.Herm.1.6
, cf. Plu.2.376c; λ. θεοῦ δι' οὗ κατεσκευάσθη [ὁ κόσμος] Ph.1.162; τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας· ἡ δέ ἐστιν ὁ θεοῦ λ. ib.56; λ. θεῖος.. εἰκὼν θεοῦ ib. 561, cf. 501; τὸν τομέα τῶν συμπάντων [θεοῦ] λ. ib. 492; τὸν ἄγγελον ὅς ἐστι λ. ib. 122: in NT identified with the person of Christ,ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. Ev.Jo.1.1
, cf. 14, 1 Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13;ὁ λ. τῆς ζωῆς 1 Ep.Jo.1.1
. -
9 κύριος
κύριος [ῡ], α, ον, also ος, ον A.Supp. 732, E.Heracl. 143, Arist.Pol. 1306b20:—Thess. [full] κῦρρος IG9(2).517.20 (Larissa, iii B.C.): ([etym.] κῦρος) (not in Hom.):I of persons, having power or authority over, c. gen.,Ζεὺς ὁ πάντων κ. Pi.I.5(4).53
, cf. P.2.58;ἐμῶν τε καὶ σῶν κ. πιστωμάτων A.Ag. 878
; πρὶν ἄν σε κ. στήσω τέκνων put thee in possession of.., S.OC 1041;κύριοι πολιτείας Antipho 3.1.1
;κ. καταλύσεως Th.4.20
;εἰρήνης καὶ πολέμου X.HG2.2.18
; -ώτατοι τοῦ ἱεροῦ Th.5.53
(but ὁ -ώτατος θεὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ, of the god to whom a temple is dedicated, OGI90.39 (Rosetta, ii B.C.));τῶν αὑτοὺ κ. Pl.Lg. 929d
, cf. Isoc. 19.34, etc.; θανάτου κ. τινός with power of life and death over, Pl. Criti. 120d;κ. περί τινος Arist.Pol. 1286a24
.2 κύριός εἰμι c. inf., I have authority to do, am entitled to do, A.Ag. 104 (lyr.); οὗτος κ. ὁρκωμοτεῖν (prob. for -ῶν) E.Supp. 1189;κ. ἀπολέσαι, σῶσαι δ' ἄκυροι And.4.9
, cf. Th.5.63, 8.5; - ώτεροι δοῦναι better able to give, Id.4.18;οὐ.. κ. οὔτε ἀνελέσθαι πόλεμον οὔτε καταλῦσαι X.An.5.7.27
;δοῦλοι κ. μαστιγοῦν τοὺς ἐλευθέρους Ephor.29
J.;αἱ ἀρχαὶ κ. κρίνειν Arist. Pol. 1287b16
; also κ. τοῦ μὴ μεθυσθῆναι having power not to.., Id.EN 1113b32: c. acc. et inf.,κ. εἶναι ἢ τοίαν εἶναι [πόλιν] ἢ τοίαν Pl.R. 429b
.3 folld. by a dependent clause,κ. γενέσθαι, ὅντινα δεῖ καταστήσασθαι Is.6.4
.4 c. part., ;κ. ἦν πράσσων ταῦτα Id.8.51
, cf. Plb.6.37.8, 18.37.10;κύριοι ἐόντω συλέοντες Schwyzer 337.13
(Delph.).5 abs., having authority, supreme, τί τῶνδε κυριωτέρους μένεις; A.Supp. 965; -ώτερος σέθεν E.Ba. 505
; ὁ πατὴρ μέχρι τούτου κ. [ἐστι] Arist.Rh. 1402a1; τὸ κ. the sovereign power in a state, Id.Pol. 1281a11, cf. Pl.R. 565a, etc.; τὰ κ. the supreme authorities, D.19.259, Arist.Rh. 1365b27;τὰ τῆσδε τῆς γῆς κ. S.OC 915
; at Athens, κ. ἐκκλησία a sovereign or principal assembly, Ar.Ach.19, Arist.Ath.43.4, IG12.42.22, al., 22.493.8, etc.; ἀγορὰ κ. ib.1298.7.II of things, ὁ τῆς ὥρας τῆς καταρχῆς κ. [ἀστήρ] Serapio in Cat.Cod.Astr.1.99: but usu. abs., authoritative, decisive,δίκαι E.Heracl.
l.c., And.1.88, Pl.Cri. 50b; μῦθος -ώτερος of more authority, E.IA 318 (troch.); -ωτάτη τῶν ἐπιστημῶν [ἡ πολιτική] Arist.Pol. 1282b15;αἱ -ώτεραι ἀρχαί Id.Cael. 285a26
, cf. Metaph. 997a12; [ἡ φρόνησις] τῆς σοφίας κυριωτέρα Id.EN 1143b34
; -ωτέρα ἡ καθόλου [ἀπόδειξις] Id.APo. 86a23;τάραχος ὁ -ώτατος Epicur.Ep.1p.30U.
; of sovereign remedies, -ωτάτη τῶν καθάρσεων Pl.Sph. 230d
; -ωτάτη κένωσις Gal.1.299
; important, principal, κ. δόξαι, of certain doctrines of Epicurus, Phld.Ir.p.86 W.;τὰ -ώτατα μέρη τῆς φύσεως Epicur.Sent.9
; -ώτερα μέρη τοῦ σώματος Philostr.Gym.50
; τὰ -ώτατα the principal organs, Gal.1.385 (but, the most important matters, Epicur.Sent.16);τὸ -ώτατον τῆς Ἐφέσου Philostr.VS1.22.4
: Gramm., κ. τόνος principal accent, D.T.Supp. 674.32.2 opp. ἄκυρος, valid, νόμος, δόγματα, D.24.1, Pl.Lg. 926d; κ. ποιεῖν [τὴν γνῶσιν], opp. ἄκυρον π., D.21.92, cf. 39.15;τὰς συνθήκας κυρίας ποιεῖν Lys.18.15
;ἡ συγγραφὴ ἥδε κ. ἔστω PEleph. 1.14
(iv B.C.); ἔστω τὰ κριθέντα κ. Lexap.D.21.94; soτὰς τῶν ἄλλων δόξας κ. ποιεῖν Pl.Tht. 179b
.3 of times, etc., ordained, appointed,ἡ κυρίη ἡμέρη Hdt.5.50
, cf. 93 (pl.);ἡ κ. τῶν ἡμερέων Id.1.48
, 6.129;κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ A.Supp. 732
;τόδε κ. ἦμαρ E.Alc. 105
(lyr.), etc.; κ. μήν, of a woman with child, i.e. the ninth month, Pi.O.6.32; ὅταν τὸ κ. μόλῃ φάος (prob.) the appointed time, A.Ag. 766 (lyr.);κ. μένει τέλος Id.Eu. 544
(lyr.); ἡ κ. [ἡμέρα] D.21.84, cf. Test.ib.93; but αἱ κ. [ἡμεραι], = κριτικαί, Hp.Aff.9.4 legitimate, lawful,ὕπνος πόνος τε, κ. ξυνωμόται A.Eu. 127
, cf. 327; κύρι' ἔχοντες having lawful power, ib. 960 (lyr.).5 ἡ κ. ἀρετή goodness proper, real goodness, Arist.EN 1144b4; [φλοιὸς] ὁ κ. Thphr.HP4.15.1
; Rhet. and Gramm., κ. ὄνομα the real or actual, hence current, ordinary, name of a thing, opp. μεταφορά, γλῶττα, Arist.Rh. 1404b6, 1410b12, Po. 1457b3, cf. D.H. Comp.21, D.L.10.13, etc.; σπάνει κυρίου ὀνόματος for lack of a current term, D.H.Comp.24; - ώτατα ὀνόματα most ordinary terms, ib.3 (hence also κ. ὄνομα proper, personal name, Plb.6.46.10, A.D.Pron. 10.11, al., Hdn.7.5.8; ὄνομα alone in this sense, Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213); κ. [λέξεις] Phld.Rh.1.181 S.; κατὰ τὸν κ. τρόπον, opp. καταχρωμένη, ib.1.59 S.B Subst. [full] κύριος, ὁ, lord, master,τοῖσι κ. δωμάτων A.Ch. 658
, cf. 689, S.Aj. 734, etc.; ὁ κ. alone, head of a family, master of a house (cf. Sch.Ar.Eq. 965), Antipho 2.4.7, Ar.Pl.6, Arist.Pol. 1269b10;τοὺς κ. τῶν οἰκιῶν PTeb.5.147
(ii B.C.); also, guardian of a woman, Is.6.32, PGrenf.2.15 i 13 (ii B.C.), etc.: generally, guardian, trustee, Is. 2.10, D.43.15, 46.19, Men.Epit.89, etc.b later κύριε, as a form of respectful address, sir, Ev.Jo.12.21, 20.15, Act.Ap.16.30 (pl.), PFay. 106.15 (ii A.D.), etc.2 fem. κυρία, ἡ, mistress, lady of the house, Philem.223, LXXIs.24.2, etc.;κ. τῆς οἰκίας Men.403
: in voc., madam, D.C.48.44; applied to women from fourteen years upwards, Epict. Ench.40. (In later Gr. freq. written [full] κύρα, PGrenf.1.61.4 (vi A.D.), etc.)3 of gods, esp. in the East,Σεκνεβτῦνις ὁ κ. θεός PTeb.284.6
(i B.C.);Κρόνος κ. CIG4521
(Abila, i A.D.);Ζεὺς κ. Supp.Epigr.2.830
(Damascus, iii A.D.);κ. Σάραπις POxy.110.2
(ii A.D);ἡ κ. Ἄρτεμις IG 4.1124
(Tibur, ii A.D.); of deified rulers,τοῦ κ. βασιλέος θεοῦ OGI86.8
(Egypt, i B.C.); οἱ κ. θεοὶ μέγιστοι, of Ptolemy XIV and Cleopatra, Berl.Sitzb.1902.1096: hence, of rulers in general,βασιλεὺς Ἡρώδης κ. OGI415
(Judaea, i B.C.); of Roman Emperors, BGU1200.11 ([place name] Augustus), POxy. 37 i 6 ([place name] Claudius), etc. -
10 κρυπτός
κρυπτός, ή, όν (s. κρύπτω; Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestReub 1:4; TestJud 12:5; JosAs 6:3 [also cod. A 24:5 p. 76, 14 λόγος])① pert. to being unknown because of being kept secret, hidden, secret, adj. (Herodian 5, 6, 3 κ. καὶ ἀόρατος; SIG 973, 5f; BGU 316, 28; 3 Km 6:4; Ezk 40:16; 2 Macc 1:16; Jos., Ant. 15, 424; τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς φύσεως μυστήρια Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 2) ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος the heart’s inner self 1 Pt 3:4 (s. ἄνθρωπος 5a; cp. Epict. 4, 11, 33). οὐδὲν … κ. ὸ̔ οὐ γνωσθήσεται there is nothing secret that shall not be made known Mt 10:26; Lk 12:2; cp. Mk 4:22 (Philemon Com. 192 χρόνος τὰ κρυπτὰ πάντα εἰς φάος ἄγει; JosAs 6:3 οὐδὲν κρυπτὸν λέληθεν αὐτῷ).② a hidden entity, something hidden, subst. τὸ κρυπτόνⓐ a hidden thing (Menand., Mon. 225 Mei. [316 J.]; Did., Gen. 171, 1) Lk 8:17. Esp. in pl. τὰ κρυπτά (Dt 29:28; Is 29:10; Sus 42 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 5, 402; 413 ὁ θεὸς τὰ κ. πάντα ἐφορᾷ) τὰ κ. ἐλέγχει it exposes the secret things (so, word for word, Artem. 1, 14 p. 19, 4 and 1, 44 p. 42, 8) IPhld 7:1. τὰ κ. τινος someone’s secret thoughts, plans, purposes (Philemon Com. 233 φίλου; Iambl., Myst. 6, 5 Partey; PGM 57, 13 τὰ κ. τ. θεᾶς Ἴσιδος; Sir 1:30; Jer 30:4) Ro 2:16; IEph 15:3; IPhld 9:1. τὰ κ. τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ (TestReub 1:4 ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου τὰ κ.; cp. Is 22:9 τὰ κ. τῶν οἴκων τῆς ἄκρας) the secret thoughts of the person’s (unbeliever’s) heart 1 Cor 14:25; cp. Pol 4:3. τὰ κ. τοῦ σκότους what is hidden in darkness 1 Cor 4:5. τὰ κ. τῆς αἰσχύνης the things that are hidden out of a sense of shame 2 Cor 4:2 (on the topic s. RKaster, The Shame of the Romans: TAPA 127, ’97, 1–19 [lit.]).ⓑ a hidden place ἐν τῷ κ. in secret (Vi. Aesopi W 104 P.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 74, 4) Mt 6:4ab, 6ab, 18 v.l.; ἐν κ. in a secret place J 7:4; 18:20; in secret, secretly (TestJud 12:5; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 22, 31) ὁ ἐν τῷ κ. Ἰουδαῖος the Judean who is one inwardly, not only by the outward sign of circumcision Ro 2:29; ἀνέβη ὡς ἐν κ. he went up privately, as it were J 7:10.—On Lk 11:33 v.l. s. κρύπτη.—DELG s.v. κρύπτω. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
11 νόμος
A that which is in habitual practice, use or possession, not in Hom. (cf. J.Ap.2.15), though read by Zenod. in Od.1.3.I usage, custom,[Μοῦσαι] μέλπονται πάντων τε νόμους καὶ ἤθεα κεδνά Hes.Th.66
;ν. ἀρχαῖος ἄριστος Id.Fr. 221
; ἔνθα ν. (sc. ἐστί) c. inf., where it is the custom.., Alc.Supp.25.5; ν. πάντων βασιλεύς custom is lord of all, Pi.Fr.169.1;ν. δεσπότης Hdt.7.104
, Pl. Lg. 715d;ν. τύραννος τῶν ἀνθρώπων Id.Prt. 337d
;ἴησις ὀθονίοισι κατὰ τὸν ν. τὸν ἀρθριτικόν Hp.Art.18
;ὡς νόμος Id.Mochl.37
: hence, law, ordinance,τόνδε.. ν. διέταξε Κρονίων.. θηρσὶ.. ἐσθέμεν ἀλλήλους Hes. Op. 276
;τρέφονται πάντες οἱ ἀνθρώπειοι ν. ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου Heraclit. 114
;ἄφθογγον εἶναι τὸν παλαμναῖον ν. [ἐστί] A.Eu. 448
;ν. κάλλιστον ἐξευρόντα, πειθαρχεῖν πατρί S.Tr. 1177
; ν. κοινός, = ὀρθὸς λόγος, Zeno Stoic.1.43: pl.,ἔργων.. ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται ὑψίποδες S.OT 865
(lyr.);νεοχμοῖς ν. Ζεὺς κρατύνει A.Pr. 150
(lyr.).b in VT, of the law of God, , al., cf. Is.2.3; νόμον ὃν ἐνετείλατο ὑμῖν Μωϋσῆς ib.De.33.4; so in NT,ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Ev.Luc.2.22
, etc.; but alsoὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ep.Gal.6.2
; ὁ ν. τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς, opp. ὁ ν. τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου, Ep.Rom.8.2;ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας Ep.Jac.1.25
.c with Preps., κατὰ νόμον according to custom or law, Hes.Th. 417, Hdt.1.61, etc.;κὰν νόμον Pi.O.8.78
; οἱ κατὰ ν. ὄντες θεοί the established deities, Pl.Lg. 904a;κατὰ νόμους A.Supp. 241
; παρὰ νόμον contrary to.., Id.Eu. 171 (lyr.);παρὰ τοὺς τῆς φύσεως ν. Pl.Ti. 83e
;ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ Pi.I.2.38
; ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ by the law of Adrastus, i.e. at the Nemean games, Id.N.10.28: esp. in dat. νόμῳ by custom, conventionally, opp. φύσει, Hdt. 4.39, Philol.9, Arist.EN 1094b16, etc.; ν. γλυκύ, ν. πικρόν, Democr.9;εἰ μή τις λέγοι ν. ὁρᾶν καὶ τὰς λεγομένας ποιότητας μὴ ἐν τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις εἶναι Plot.4.4.29
; ὅσον νόμου χάριν just for form's sake, Diph.43.14, Arist.Metaph. 1076a27.d statute, ordinance made by authority,[Σόλων] νόμους ἔθηκεν ἄλλους, τοῖς δὲ Δράκοντος θεσμοῖς ἐπαύσαντο χρώμενοι πλὴν τῶν φονικῶν Id.Ath.7.1
(butτὸν Δράκοντος ν. τὸν περὶ τοῦ φόνου IG12.115.5
), etc.; νόμον τιθέναι, τίθεσθαι, v. τίθημι; βασιλικὸς ν. OGI483.1 (Pergam., ii A.D.), Ep.Jac.2.8: freq. of general laws, opp. ψηφίσματα (special decrees), Pl.Tht. 173d, etc.;ὅταν τὰ ψηφίσματα κύρια ᾖ ἀλλὰ μὴ ὁ ν. Arist.Pol. 1292a7
: generally, law, ἄνευ ὀρέξεως νοῦς ὁ ν. ἐστίν ib. 1287a32; ἄγραφος ν. Lex ap. And.1.85, etc.; opp. γεγραμμένος, Arist.Rh. 1373b6; ν. ἴδιος, opp. κοινός, ib.4; ὁ ν. freq. as subject,οἱ ν. διδόασι τιμωρίας D.18.12
;ὧν ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει Inscr.Magn. 92b16
(ii B.C.); μὴ ὁ ν. κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον; Ev.Jo.7.51.e c. gen. rei,οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται ν. Hes.Op. 388
;Ὑλλίδος στάθμας ἐν νόμοις Pi.P.1.62
;τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε μαλακόχειρα ν. Id.N.3.55
;ν. ἐμβολῆς καὶ διορθώσιος Hp.Mochl.38
; ὁ ν. τοῦ κριοῦ, τοῦ ἀνδρός, τῶν ἐρανιστῶν, LXXLe.6.31 (7.1), Ep.Rom.7.2, SIG 1198.14 (Arcesine, iii B.C.); ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι to come to blows, into action, Hdt.9.48; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, περιπεσεῖν, die in action, Id.8.89, Plb.1.57.8;μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον ἐν χ. ν. Id.3.63.5
, cf. 3.116.9;Ἀσδρούβας.. ἐν χ. ν. κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον Id.11.2.1
;τοὺς μὲν ἐν χ. ν. διέφθειρε Id.1.82.2
; τοὺς ἐν χ. ν. τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας by 'direct action', Aeschin.1.5; but under martial law,Arist.
Pol. 1285a10;τῷ τοῦ πολέμου νόμῳ κτησάμενος Aeschin.2.33
.2 Νόμος personified, οἱ θεοὶ σθένουσι χὡ κείνων κρατῶν N. E.Hec. 800, cf. Orph.Fr. 105, 160.II melody, strain,οἶδα δ' ὀρνίχων νόμως πάντων Alcm.67
;ν. ἵππιος Pi.O. 1.101
;Ἀπόλλων ἁγεῖτο παντοίων ν. Id.N.5.25
;ν. πολεμικοί Th.5.69
;ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν ν. A.Th. 952
(lyr.);κρεκτοὶ ν. S.Fr. 463
, cf. AP9.584: metaph.,τοὺς Ἅιδου ν. S.Fr. 861
.2 esp. a type of early melody created by Terpander for the lyre as an accompaniment to Epic texts,ν. ὄρθιος Hdt.1.24
;ν. Βοιώτιος S.Fr. 966
;ν. κιθαρῳδικοί Ar.Ra. 1282
, cf. Pl.Lg. 700d, Arist.Po. 1447b26, Pr. 918b13, etc.; also for the flute,ν. αὐλῳδικός Plu.2.1132d
; without sung text, ν. αὐλητικός ib.1133d, cf. 138b, Poll.4.79; later, composition including both words and melody, e.g. Tim.Pers.III = νοῦμμος (q. v.), Epich.136, Sophr.162, Inscr.Délos407.21 (ii B.C.); ν. σηστέρτιοι, = Lat. nummi sestertii, Inscr.Prien.41.13 (ii B.C.).IV Archit., course of masonry, IG12(2).11.17 (Mytil.). -
12 θεωρία
θεωρ-ία, [dialect] Ion. - ίη, [dialect] Dor. [full] θεᾱρία (v. infr.), [dialect] Boeot. [full] θιαωρία Ἐφ.Ἀρχ.1892.34: ἡ:—A sending of θεωροί or state-ambassadors to the oracles or games, or, collectively, the θεωροί themselves, embassy, mission,θεωρίαν ἀπάγειν εἰς Δῆλον Pl.Phd. 58b
: pl., opp. στρατεῖαι, Id.R. 556c; ἄγειν τῷ Διὶ τῷ Νεμείῳ τὴν κοινὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως θ. D.21.115, cf. X.Mem.4.8.2, Decr.Byz. ap. D.18.91 ([etym.] θεᾱρία), Plb.28.19.4.III viewing, beholding, θεωρίης εἵνεκεν ἐκδημεῖν to go abroad to see the world, Hdt.1.30; κατὰ θεωρίης πρόφασιν ib.29; , cf. Arist.Ath.11.1, Th.6.24; pilgrimage, E.Ba. 1047.2 of the mind, contemplation, consideration, Pl.Phlb. 38b: pl., θεῖαι θ. Id.R. 517d: c. gen., παντὸς μὲν χρόνου πάσης δὲ οὐσίας ib. 486a; ἡ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἡ τῶν ὅλων θ., Epicur.Ep.2p.55U., Phld.Rh.1.288S.;θ. ποιεῖσθαι περί τινος Arist.Metaph. 989b25
; ἡ περὶ φύσεως θ. Epicur.Ep.1p.3U., etc.: pl., τὰς σαθρὰς αὐτοῦ θ. Demetr. Lac.Herc.124.12.b theory, speculation, opp. practice, Plb. 1.5.3; ἡ περὶ τὰ στρατόπεδα θ. Id.6.42.6; αἱ νυκτεριναὶ καὶ ἡμεριναὶ θ. theoretic reckoning of night and day, Id.9.14.6; ἡ μαθηματικὴ θ. Plu. Rom.12.3 [voice] Pass., sight, spectacle, A.Pr. 802, etc.; esp. public spectacle at the theatre or games, Ar.V. 1005, X.Hier.1.12; ἡ τοῦ Διονύσου θ. the Dionysia, Pl.Lg. 650a.4 Rhet., explanatory preface to a μελέτη, Chor. in Hermes 17.208, etc.: so in Philos., continuous exposition, Olymp.in Mete.18.30, al. -
13 κομψός
A nice, refined, gentlemanly, ἐσμὲν ἅπαντα κομψοὶ ἄνδρες we are perfect gentlemen, Eup.159, cf. Ar.V. 1317;κ. ἐν συνουσίᾳ Id.Nu. 649
; τὸ θῆλυ τοὺς πόδας ἔχει κομψοτέρους more delicate, finer, Arist.Phgn. 809b9.2 smart, clever, ingenious, of persons or their words and acts,ὁ πρῶτος εὑρὼν κ. ἦν τραγήματα Alex.185
;κ. θεαταί Cratin.169
, cf. 307;Θηραμένης ὁ κ. Ar.Ra. 967
;Σικελὸς κ. ἀνήρ Timocr.6
, cf. Pl.Grg. 493a; κ. περί τι clever about.., Id.R. 495d ([comp] Sup.), Cra. 405d; of a dog's instinct,κ. τὸ πάθος αὐτοῦ τῆς φύσεως Id.R. 376a
; μὰ γῆν.., μὴ 'γὼ νόημα κομψότερον ἤκουσά πω a more ingenious device.., Ar.Av. 195; τὸ πρᾶγμα κ. [ἐστι] Id.Th.93, cf. 460 (lyr., [comp] Comp.), Dionys.Com.3.1; esp. in a sneering sense, over-ingenious, ; τρίβων γὰρ εἶ τὰ κομψά versed in subtleties, Id.Rh. 625;μή μοι τὰ κομψὰ ποικίλοι γενοίατο, ἀλλ' ὧν πόλει δεῖ Id.Fr.16
; τὸ κ. refinement, subtlety, Arist.Pol. 1265a12;τῶν ἰατρῶν ὅσοι κ. ἢ περίεργοι Id.Resp. 480b27
;κ. σοφίσματα E.Fr. 188.5
; τοῦτ' ἔχει -ότατον this is the subtlest part of it, Pl.Tht. 171a; κομψότερος.. ὁ λόγος ἢ κατ' ἐμέ too subtle for me, Id.Cra. 429d:—but in Pl. and Arist., usu. clever, esp. skilful in technique, with at most a slight irony (κομψοὺς Πλάτων οὐ τοὺς πανούργους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς βελτίστους Moer.p.206 P.).3 more generally, nice, good, pleasant,πάντων δὲ κομψότατον τὸ τῆς πόας Pl.Phdr. 230c
; τὰ κ. ταῦτα χλανίσκια that nice suit of yours, Aeschin.1.131.II Adv. - ψῶς cleverly, Ar.Ach. 1016 (lyr.), Pl.Cra. 399a, etc.: [comp] Comp. - οτέρως Isoc. 15.195; κ. ἔχειν to be well, 'nicely' in health, PPar.18.3 (ii B.C.), cf. PLond. ined. 2126 (ii/iii A.D.), etc.; κομψότερον σχεῖν to get better in health, Ev.Jo.4.52, cf. Arr.Epict.3.10.13, POxy.935.5 (iii A.D.): [comp] Sup. - ότατα nicely, Ar.Lys.89; λέγεσθαι κομψότατα most cleverly, Pl.Tht. 202d.— Chiefly found in [dialect] Att. Com. and Prose; Trag. only in E. (Orig. sense uncertain; = στρεβλός, Erot. (citing Euripides); = στρογγύλος, Hsch.) -
14 κρίνω
κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other peopleⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ of a human courtα. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).ⓑ of the divine tribunalα. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
15 συντηρέω
A keep or preserve closely, ἑαυτὸν ἀδωροδόκητον Aristeas 209;τὴν ψυχήν μου μὴ φαγεῖν LXX To.1.11
; σ. [τὴν γνώμην] παρ' ἑαυτῇ keep it close, Plb.30.30.5, cf. LXX Si.39.2, Ev.Luc.2.19.2 preserve, maintain, of grants or privileges, SIG705.48 (Delph., ii B.C.), al., BGU1074.2 (i A.D.):—[voice] Pass., IG12(5).860.44 ([place name] Tenos); ἀμφότεροι -οῦνται (sc. ὅ τε οἶνος καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί) Ev.Matt.9.17.3 observe strictly,τὸ τῆς φύσεως τέλος Epicur.Fr. 554
; τὰ νόμιμα Aristeas 127;τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ LXX Si.2.15
;τὴν εὐταξίαν Arch.Pap.3.134
(Thera, iii/ii B.C.);τήν τε φιλίαν καὶ τὴν συμμαχίαν Riv.Fil.60.60
(Cyrene, ii B.C.); σ. τὸ διάστημα keep distance, Ascl. Tact.12.11, Ael.Tact.42.1.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συντηρέω
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16 ἀποτήκω
A meltaway from,αὐτῆς τῆς φύσεως ἀ.
meltaway a part of..,Pl.
Ti. 65d; τετυλωμένα βλέφαρα ἀ. reduce them, Dsc.5.99: metaph., Plu.2.451f:—[voice] Pass.,ἀπετάκη αὐτοῦ τρία τάλαντα Hdt.1.50
, cf. Epicur. Ep.2. p.49U.; ἀπετάκησαν οἱ μασθοί (prob. for ἀπετάθησαν,), Luc. DMort.28.2.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποτήκω
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17 κοινωνέω
κοινωνέω (s. κοινός and cognates) fut. κοινωνήσω; 1 aor. ἐκοινώνησα; pf. κεκοινώνηκα (Aeschyl.+).① share, have a shareⓐ τινός in someth. (X., Rep. Lac. 1, 9, Mem. 2, 6, 23; Pla., Leg. 12 p. 947a; Diod S 5, 49, 6 τοὺς τῶν μυστηρίων κοινωνήσαντας=those who participated in, i.e. were initiated into, the mysteries; 5, 68, 3 τῆς τροφῆς ταύτης; 15, 68, 1; 19, 4, 3; Herodian 3, 10, 8; ins [Kl. T. 121 no. 32, 41]; pap; Pr 1:11; 3 Macc 2:31; Philo, Post. Cai. 160 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 75, C. Ap. 2, 174; ὁ μιλίας ἢ ἑστίας Just., D. 47, 2; τραπέζης Orig., C. Cels. 2, 21, 6 and 17; αἰσθήσεως Did., Gen. 149, 2.—B-D-F §169, 1; Rob. 509f) of human beings αἵματος καὶ σαρκός share in flesh and blood Hb 2:14 (ins fr. Commagene in IReisenKN, Humann-Puchstein p. 371, 46–47 [I B.C.] πᾶσιν ὅσοι φύσεως κοινωνοῦντες ἀνθρωπίνης).ⓑ τινί in someth. (Demosth., Prooem. 25, 2 [bracketed by Blass]; Plut., 1030 [Arat. 8, 3]; Just., D. 35, 6; Tat. 19, 2; τῷ θανάτῳ Did., Gen. 148, 25; but Wsd 6:23 [s. JCampbell, JBL 51, ’32, 359] ‘associate with’ so NRSV; difft. REB).α. τοῖς πνευματικοῖς in spiritual blessings Ro 15:27. τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν 1 Pt 4:13 (cp. Achilles Tat. 7, 2, 3 εἰς τὸ παθεῖν κοινωνία=fellowship in suffering). Of a martyr’s body: receive a part of, i.e. a part of the body as a ‘relic’ κ. τῷ ἁγίῳ σαρκίῳ MPol 17:1.β. To share, participate in the deeds of others means to be equally responsible for them ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22 (Artem. 3, 51 κ. τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐκείνῳ; Ath., R. 21 p. 73, 27 [of the body] κ. τῇ ψυχῇ τῶν … πόνων). τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ τ. πονηροῖς 2J 11.γ. Participation in someth. can reach such a degree that one claims a part in it for oneself: take an interest in, share (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 5, 25; Pr 1:11) ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων Ro 12:13. W. dat. of pers. and inf. foll. ἐκοινώνησεν ὁ Ἀρτέμων … Παύλῳ … ἐν χά[ριτι θεοῦ] δόξαι (error for δοξάσαι) τὸν κύριον A. joined Paul … in praising the Lord in God’s grace AcPl Ha 7, 22. The transition to the next mng. is easy.② give/contribute a share (Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 107) w. dat. of pers. (cp. Demosth. 25, 61; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 31 §139; Artem. 5 p. 252, 14; Sextus 350; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 258; Just. A I, 14, 2) foll. by ἔν τινι give someone a share of someth. Gal 6:6. κοινωνήσεις ἐν πᾶσιν τῷ πλησίον σου B 19:8. Also τινὶ εἴς τι (cp. Pla., Rep. 453a; PLond V, 1794, 7; TestZeb 3:1) οὐδεμία μοι ἐκκλησία ἐκοινώνησεν εἰς no congregation made me its partner in Phil 4:15. W. acc. of the pers. κοινωνῆσαί με τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ σου make me an accomplice in your sin GJs 2:3 (s. deStrycker p. 306f).③ make (ritually) unclean, defile. Ms. D uses κ. Mt 15:11 (twice), 18, 20 in the sense of κοινόω 2 (cp. Diod S 5, 33, 5 κ.=partake [in unsanitary practice]).—DELG s.v. κοινός. M-M. TW.
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